国家高新区创新平台效应的实证研究

An empirical study of the innovation platform effect of national high-tech zones

高新区作为国家高新技术创新发展的前沿,它的创新效率具有较高的研究价值。高新区可以借助平台理论来指导自身中介作用的发挥。本文构建了高新区创新平台运作模式的理论模型,运用三阶段DEA模型的思想验证了高新区创新平台效应的存在性及其对创新效率的影响。研究发现:高新区平台化创新的演化过程包含了域内和域间两个层次;平台效应是导致经典BCC模型效率估计偏差的环境因素之一;创新平台效应存在于高新区的域内和域间;2013年高新区创新平台效应尚未完全显现,尚有较大的提升空间,因此建议政府扩大宣传、提升园区规模,吸纳更多创新主体;建立良好的创新平台互动机制;加大人才培养和吸引力度;支持创新平台领域的相关研究。本文研究结果对于深刻认识平台在促进创新效率方面所发挥的积极作用、促进高新区平台理论及应用的研究与发展具有重要的现实意义。

High tech zone is the frontier of national high-tech innovation and development. The state has invested a lot of funds and policies in the construction of high-tech zone, and paid much attention to its innovation efficiency, so how to correctly evaluate the innovation efficiency of high-tech zone is well worth our exploration. In recent years, innovation efficiency is one of the key issues in academic research. A large number of literature have studied innovation efficiency in different fields from different perspectives. Generally speaking, the current international research on innovation efficiency tends to focus on emerging economies and explore various factors affecting innovation efficiency, because it is considered to occupy an increasingly prominent position in the world economic system. The domestic research on innovation efficiency can boil down to three levels, namely, the macro regional innovation efficiency, meso-industrial innovation efficiency and micro enterprise innovation efficiency, or research independently and as a whole. Aiming at the innovation efficiency of high-tech zone, this research is mainly conducted from two perspectives of influencing factors and efficiency evaluation. It should be noticed that some scholars have introduced the platform theory into the study of regional innovation efficiency. It can be found from the work of the local government where the high-tech zone is located that the platform construction of various provinces and cities has been given high attention, but the current research on the high-tech zone is still lack of attention to the platform. Platform theory is of important directive significance to the development of high-tech zone.The essence of the platform is a kind of trading space or place, which can exist in the real world or virtual cyberspace. The space guides or facilitates transactions between two or more customers, and strives to attract parties to the transaction to use the space or place by charging appropriate fees. The main feature of platform operation is to coordinate the interaction of platform customers and promote platform effect. Obviously, the innovation related activities of the high-tech zone conform to this feature. The innovation platform effect of high-tech zone involves internal and external factors. Among them, the internal innovation subjects of the high-tech zone include universities, scientific research institutions, enterprises, etc., they interact under the function of the platform and obtain the innovation platform effect, which can be called the intra-domain innovation platform effect, there are high-tech zone or independent innovation subjects outside the high-tech zone, and the high-tech zone can also form the innovation platform effect with them, which can be called the inter domain innovation platform effect. Therefore, with the continuous development of the innovation platform effect of high-tech zone, the innovation platform effect within and between regions gradually appears, which is an evolutionary process. In this paper, the theoretical models of these two innovation platform effects are constructed.In order to verify the existence of innovation platform effect in high-tech zone, this paper first assumes that innovation platform effect is one of the environmental effects, and then regresses it with the first stage innovation efficiency input slack. If it can be proved that innovation platform effect has a significant impact on this slack, and its coefficient is negative, it means that innovation platform effect in high-tech zone is helpful to reduce input slack, it can help to improve the efficiency of innovation. In this way, the existence and rationality of innovation platform effect is proved.Next, based on the cross-sectional data of 115 high-tech zones(including Suzhou Industrial Park) in 2013, this paper uses the idea of Three-Stage DEA model to verify the existence of innovation platform effect and its impact on innovation efficiency. Among them, the input indicators are full-time equivalent of R&D personnel and internal expenditure of R&D funds. Output indicators include technical income, export earnings and the number of important intellectual property rights. The indicators of innovation platform effect can be divided into two categories: intra domain and inter domain. The number of high-tech enterprises, innovation service institutions and high-tech service practitioners identified in the current year shall be selected as the indicators within the domain, the total volume of technology contracts shall be selected as the indicators between the domains.The findings are as follows: 1. The high-tech zone has the characteristics of coordinating the interaction of innovation subjects in the zone and promoting the network externality. It is an innovation platform. The innovation platform effect of the high-tech zone is reflected by two types of platforms: technology service platform and market service platform. The high-tech zone forms knowledge innovation through technology service platform and product innovation through market service platform, which together constitute the innovation value chain of the high-tech zone under the platform. 2. The evolution process of platform innovation in the high-tech zone includes two levels. The first level is the innovation platform within the domain, which acts as a medium for the exchange and interaction of knowledge and products among innovation subjects within the platform, the second level is the innovation platform between the domain, which not only integrates with other innovation platforms, but also absorbs many independent innovation resources. The innovation platform effect within and between regions can jointly improve the innovation efficiency of innovation subjects. 3. The innovation platform effect is one of the environmental effects. The innovation platform effect within and between regions of the high-tech zone has not fully appeared, and there is still a large space for improvement.Therefore, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: 1. Expand publicity, enhance the scale of the park, and absorb more innovative subjects. 2. Establish a good interactive mechanism of innovation platform, build an inter provincial and international innovation platform, enhance the absorption capacity of innovation subjects in the high-tech zone to external innovation resources, and improve the amount of innovation resources available to the platform. 3. While consolidating the existing achievements, actively promote the construction of innovation platform in the high-tech zone, increase the training of talents in the zone and the attraction of talents outside the zone. 4. Support research in relevant fields while encouraging the establishment of innovation platforms, so as to promote the development of theoretical research on innovation platforms and further guide practical work.