利玛窦《天主实义》中“为善”的生存张力

The Existential Tension of Doing Good in Matteo Ricci’s The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven

在《天主实义》第六篇中,中士和利玛窦(Matteo Ricci,1552—1610)围绕“为善”问题展开对话。由于生存意识的差异和误解,双方一直在概念争论上陷于泥沼。本文通过追踪“为善”问题的生存意识,将双方关于“利”与“仁义”、“有意”与“无意”的争论还原为一种关于生存悖论的生存出发点之争。本文指出,中士强调对善观念的解构,利玛窦坚持对生存出发点的建构。但由于双方都对辩证性的生存张力缺乏足够的体会,因此各自的生存主张难免顾此失彼。与此同时,本文通过对原始文本的分析,指出孟子的“仁义”和张载的“无意”都源于对生存悖论的深刻体会,他们在提供一种必要的解构力量的同时,也试图努力重构一种内在于人性本身的生存出发点。

In his master work The True Meaning of the Lord of Heaven,Matteo Ricci had conducted a conversation with his contemporary counterparts,especially those Confucian scholars,on the issue of Doing Good in Chapter 6.By tracing the consciousness of being good,this paper reduces the dispute between the two sides about benefit and benevolence to a debate as the starting point of existence of the paradox of existenc.However,due to the lack of adequate understanding of the dialectical tension of existence,their respective propositions of existence inevitably attend to one and lose the other.Meanwhile,based on the analysis of the original text,this paper points out that both Mencius’concept of Righteousness(“Renyi”)and Chang Tsai’s concept of unintentionality(“wuyi”)are derived from the profound experience of the paradox of existence.While providing a necessary deconstructive power,both of them also tried to reconstruct a starting point of existence which was inherent in human nature.