从颜元的体育主张到“援武于儒”的新儒学构想

From YAN Yuan’s sports propositions to such a Neo-Confucianist conception as “Help Confucianism by Wushu”

究其实质,颜元学说之所以在中国思想史上具有扭转乾坤的显赫地位,就在于一种“以身为本”思想决定了不是心的冥思静想而是身的行动实践成为其为学的终极宗旨,这不仅意味着一种“体育优先”的思想前所未有地得以确立,而且也是对体育所尚的“武勇”之主旨的积极推举。因此,颜元思想既代表了对以宋明理学为代表的后儒“重文轻武”积弊入室操戈的大力抨击,又以其对周孔原儒的“文武相济”古老传统的回归,而对今天历史新时期传统文化再建具有重要的启示意义。它表明了,正如当年章太炎首倡“儒侠”、梁启超发掘“中国武士精神”以期重振我们民族雄风那样,一种“援武于儒”主张的提出不失为今天新儒学构建、文化自强自信精神构建的应有之义。

In terms of its essence,the reason why YAN Yuan’s theory has a prominent position in Chinese ideological history is that such a thought as“the body being the basis”decides that it is not the mind’s silent meditation but the body’s action practice that becomes his ultimate goal of study,which not only means that such a thought as“sports priority”was established unprecedentedly,but also is the actively recommendation of“martial”spirit advocated by sports.Therefore,YAN Yuan’s thoughts not only represented a relentless attack on the accumulated malpractice of“valuing literature more important than martial arts”by later Confucianism represented by Confucian school of idealistic philosophy in the Song and Ming dynasties,but also have important significance for us to reconstruct traditional culture today in the new period of history,due to their return to the ancient tradition of“synergy of literature and martial arts”,a thought of traditional Confucianism of Duke of ZHOU and Confucius.It shows that just as ZHANG Tai-yan first advocated“Confucianist Chivalry”,LIANG Qi-chao explored“Chinese Warrior Spirit”in order to revive our national spirit,the putting forward of such a proposition as“Help Confucianism by Wushu”has its due significance for Neo-Confucianism construction today,and cultural self-improvement and self-confidence spirit construction today.