体育人才协议中的道德条款研究——兼论道德条款义务与运动员权利的协调

Research on morals clauses in sports talent agreements——Also on the coordination of morals clause obligations and athlete’s rights

道德条款是体育赞助合同与运动员协议的重要组成部分,通过规范运动员赛场内外行为保障赞助方与俱乐部利益,有利于提升运动员素质、维护体育行业形象、弘扬体育道德风尚、促进体育产业发展。体育人才协议中的道德条款对运动员私人生活及合法权利造成一定程度的限制,其正当性源于合同目的、权利义务均衡性、议价能力、权利性质等因素。但模糊化、标准化的道德条款又可能过度介入运动员私人生活,侵犯运动员言论自由与隐私权等公民基本权利,需要在契约自由与公民权利之间划定合理界限。缺乏评价标准的道德条款将导致合同的不确定性,对缔约双方及行业发展均产生负面影响,建议借他山之石,通过比较分析法、历史分析法和实证分析法,梳理总结国外道德条款的产生、发展、制定、执行经验,为完善我国体育人才协议中的道德条款提供借鉴。

Morals clause is an important constituent part of sports sponsorship contracts and athlete agreements.Ensuring sponsor and club interest by standardizing athlete’s on-field and off-field behaviors is conducive to improving athlete quality,maintaining sports industry image,promoting sports morals atmosphere,and boosting sports industry development.Morals clauses in sports talent agreements cause restrictions to athlete’s private life and legitimate rights to a certain degree,their legitimacy originates from factors such contract purpose,balance of rights and obligations,bargaining ability,right attribute,etc.But blurred or standardized morals clauses may overly intervene athlete’s private life,violate athlete’s basic civil rights such as freedom of speech and privacy right etc,a reasonable line needs to be drawn between freedom of contract and civil rights.Morals clauses lacking in evaluation standards will cause contract uncertainty,and produce negative effects to both contracting parties and industry development.The author proposed to learn from foreign experience,to collate and summarize foreign experience in the production,development,establishment and execution of morals clauses by means of comparative analysis,historical analysis and dialectic analysis,so as to provide reference for perfecting morals clauses in Chinese sports talent agreements.