不同极简指数跑鞋对髌股关节受力特征的影响

Effects of running shoes with different minimalist indexes on the biomechanical characteristics of the patellofemoral joint

聚焦跑步时髌股关节生物力学特征,探究穿着不同极简指数(MI)跑鞋对髌股关节接触力、应力等的即刻影响。选取15名习惯后跟着地的健康男性跑者,分别穿着两种MI跑鞋(MI 86%极简跑鞋和MI 26%缓冲跑鞋),使用Vicon红外运动捕捉系统、Kistler三维测力台同步采集3.33 m/s(速度变化范围±5%)跑速下的膝、踝关节运动学和地面反作用力,通过逆向动力学等计算股四头肌肌力、髌股关节接触力、髌股关节接触面积以及髌股关节接触应力。结果显示:两种跑鞋条件下的冲击力峰值和蹬地力峰值均无明显差异。与缓冲跑鞋相比,穿着极简跑鞋跑步时,膝关节最大屈曲角度显著降低(P<0.01);髌股关节接触面积显著减小(P<0.01);膝关节伸肌峰值力矩显著下降(P<0.01);髌股关节接触力和应力峰值均显著减小(P<0.05)。研究表明,相比缓冲跑鞋,穿着极简跑鞋在未影响触地后冲击力峰值的同时,通过降低伸膝力矩大幅度减少髌股关节接触力(下降17.02%)、降低髌股关节接触应力,从而有效改善支撑期髌股关节负荷,为进一步减小髌股关节疼痛综合征风险提供可能。

In order to study the biomechanical characteristics of the patellofemoral joint during running,and to probe into the instant effects of running shoes with different minimalist indexes on the contact force and stress etc of the patellofemoral joint,the authors selected 15 healthy male runners who were used to heel landing,respectively wearing running shoes with two minimalist indexes(minimalist running shoes with a minimalist index of 85%,and cushioned running shoes with a minimalist index of 26%),used the Vicon infrared motion capture system and Kistler 3D force platform to simultaneously acquire the kinematic data of the knee and ankle joint and ground reaction forces under a running speed of 3.33m/s(speed varying range:±5%),and calculated quadriceps strength,patellofemoral joint contact force,patellofemoral joint contact area,and patellofemoral joint contact stress by means of reverse dynamics etc.The results show the followings:the peak impact forces and peak ground hitting forces under the conditions of the two types of running shoes had no significant differences;as compared to cushioned running shoes,when running with minimalist running shoes:1)the maximum flexion angle of the knee joint decreased significantly(P<0.01);2)the knee joint contact area decreased significantly(P<0.01);3)the peak torque of the knee joint extensor decreased significantly(P<0.01);4)the peak values of the patellofemoral joint contact force and stress decreased significantly(P<0.05).This study indicates that as compared to cushioned running shoes,wearing minimalist running shoes significantly decreases patellofemoral joint contact force(by 17.02%)and reduces patellofemoral joint contact stress by reducing knee joint extensor torque,while not affecting the peak impact force after ground contracting,thus effectively improving patellofemoral joint loads in the supporting period,and providing a possibility to further reduce the risk of patellofemoral joint pain syndrome.