肠道菌群与儿童1型糖尿病关系的研究进展

Advances in research on relationship between intestinal flora and childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus

1型糖尿病(type 1 diabetes mellitus,T1DM)是胰岛β细胞被破坏而导致胰岛素绝对缺乏所致。T1DM绝大多数属于自身免疫性疾病,由遗传及环境因素共同参与其发病过程。儿童糖尿病95%以上为T1DM。近年来儿童T1DM发病率呈现逐年上升趋势。研究表明肠道菌群与儿童T1DM的发病密切相关,T1DM儿童肠道菌群分布失调,肠道菌群可能通过影响肠道免疫系统和改变肠壁通透性来参与T1DM的发病过程。动物实验的研究中,改变肠道菌群分布和应用益生菌可以预防和延缓T1DM的发病。干预肠道菌群是否会预防、延缓儿童T1DM的发生尚需要进一步的研究,希望干预肠道菌群能为预防和治疗儿童T1DM提供新的方向。

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1 DM) is caused by the absolute deficiency of insulin due to destruction of islet β cells. The vast majority of T1 DMs are an autoimmune disease. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the pathogenesis of T1 DM. More than 95% of childhood diabetes mellitus is type 1 diabetes. The incidence of T1 DM in children has been increasing year by year. Studies have shown that intestinal flora is closely related to the onset of T1 DM in children. The distribution of intestinal flora in children with T1 DM is disordered, which may participate in the pathogenesis of T1 DM by affecting the intestinal immune system and changing intestinal wall permeability. In animal experiments, changes in the distribution of intestinal flora and use of probiotics can prevent and delay the onset of T1 DM. Whether the intervention of intestinal flora can prevent and delay the occurrence of T1 DM in children needs be further studied. It is expected that the intervention of intestinal flora can provide a new direction for the prevention and treatment of T1 DM in children.