我国粮食安全法治保障体系构建研究——日本经验的启示

A Research on the Construction of the Legal Protection System of Food Security in China——Focus on the Japanese Experiences

保障粮食安全是保障免于饥饿的基本人权的基础,也是国家安全的重要基础。当下我国《粮食安全保障法》正在起草,亟待明确粮食安全法治保障体系构建路径。日本当前已形成以《粮食、农业、农村基本法》为基本法,粮食生产、流通、储备、灾害防治等专项立法为补充,相关领域立法内部规范协调的粮食安全法治保障体系,并通过立法有效平衡国际、国内两个市场,构建了粮食安全双重保障机制。日本在粮食安全法治保障体系中,确定各社会团体的主体地位,给予税收、财政、竞争等各方面法定优待,对全国各地各领域涉及粮食安全保障的社会团体予以宏观安排以协调各自作用,配以相应限制措施,形成政府、社会、市场的三元协同的粮食安全综合保障体系,而通过法治轨道内的保障计划和具体保障政策积累下的经验,又能够反哺日本的粮食安全法治保障体系建设。借鉴日本经验,中国应当尽快制定《粮食安全保障法》,协调利用国际国内两个市场,强化农民专业合作社的社会团体优势,以法治化的计划和政策助推粮食领域供给侧结构性改革。不仅在粮食安全法治保障化层面,在法律移植整合层面,日本的法律经验也值得借鉴。在中国的粮食安全法治保障体系构建中需要对包括日本在内的更多国家或国际组织的法治经验进行深入研究并借鉴,深入研究把握粮食安全与生存、健康、贫困等问题的关系,走出一条粮食安全保障法治化的中国道路。

Food security is the important foundation of national security.The Central Committee of the CPC led by Xi Jinping takes the food security as the top priority of governing the country,raise the new nation’s food security strategies of grain self-sufficiency and absolute security.Food Security Protection Law is included in the first category of the legal program of the 13th session of Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress,the law is being drafted and need clarify the construction path of the legal protection system of the food security.Although countries are different in aspects of politics,economic and culture,they are similar in solving the issue of food security.The article try to gain some enlightenments for China by summarizing the experiences of the legal protection system of food security in Japan.