潜在环境影响视角的美国、欧盟农业支持政策演进分析——基于OECD农业政策评估系统

Evolution and Enlightenment of Agricultural Support Policies in the United States and European Union from the Perspective of Potential Environmental Impact:Based on OECD Agricultural Policy Evaluation System

中国农业面临发展方式的转变的挑战,亟需改革农业政策体系为农业绿色发展提供有效的政策支持。欧盟与美国在农业发展中同样经历了从片面追求产量向高效环保转变的过程,在转型过程中的政策调整和政策工具选择上积累了大量的经验,并具有一定的共性规律。本文以OECD政策评估系统投入限制政策标签为基础,对美国、欧盟农业政策及政策调整过程中的潜在环境影响进行了比较分析,发现两地区在农业支持政策的演进中,越来越重视政策的环境影响,主要通过强制性投入限制的政策方式,并且支持政策逐渐从资源退出向在用资源有效管理转变,但两地区均未改变市场价格支持的重要地位。本文最后从对中国的政策启示角度,提出了以强制性投入限制政策获取最低环境效益、注重市场价格支持措施、注重技术服务支持、补贴逐渐脱钩化等政策建议,为我国农业政策的转型与创新提供借鉴。

Agriculture in China is facing the transformation of development mode.It is urgent to reform the agricultural policy system to provide effective policy support for the green development of agriculture.The European Union and the United States have also gone through the process of changing from one-sided pursuit of output to efficient environmental protection in agricultural development.They have accumulated a lot of experience in policy adjustment and choice of policy tools in the process of transformation,and have some common laws that we can conclude.Based on the input constraint label of OECD policy evaluation system,this article makes a comparative analysis of the potential environmental impacts in the process of agricultural policies and policy adjustment in Europe and the United States.It is concluded that agricultural support policy pays more and more attention to the environmental impacts,mainly through mandatory input constraint,market price support still occupies an important place,policy support transforms from resource withdrawal to effective management of in-use resources etc.Finally,this article puts forward some policy suggestions,such as obtaining the lowest environmental benefits by mandatory input restriction policy,emphasizing market price support measures,emphasizing technical services,and policy decoupling,to provide reference for the transformation and innovation of China’s agricultural policy.