阿拉善蒙古族驼运实践记忆研究

The Study of the Practical Memories about the Alashan Mongols’ Camel Transportation

在蒙古族社会生活的变迁中,阿拉善地区的蒙古族因恶劣的生态条件和自然资源的限制,因地制宜地利用骆驼来进行驮盐和其他物资来生产赚取脚价,作为日常生活的补贴之用。清朝后期,随着通商限令的解禁,以及在旅蒙商的主导下,阿拉善地区输出牲畜毛皮、苁蓉、盐巴、煤炭、甘草等资源,输入各种生活用品和其他物资。因此,阿拉善蒙古族在长期的游牧社会中形成了独特的驼运集体记忆,而这些记忆因素己经渗透到蒙古族牧民的物质生活和精神生活当中。这些特征通过不同的记忆方式一代接一代地传承到至今。通过长辈在家庭交流和驼运步骤中灌输给年轻一代,在"嘎拉"(驼运组织)组织的制度保障下,在唯经验论的记忆支配形式循环交替,成为一代又一代的记忆承载和流传方式。

In the transition of the social life of the Mongols,the Alashan Mongols was doing great adaptation under the limitation of the harsh ecological conditions and the natural resources. They utilized the camels to transport the salt and the other goods to make money,so that supported their daily life. With the removal of the trade prohibition in late Qing and the influences of the traveling merchants in Mongol areas,the Alashan exported the fur and skin of the livestock,desert distanche,salt,coal and licorice etc,imported variety daily supplies and the other goods. It shaped a unique camel transportation collective memories among the Alashan Mongols during the long history of the nomadic life. These memories also infiltrated into the material and spiritual lives of the Mongol herders. These characteristics were inherited to today from generation to generation by different forms of the memory. The dominate forms of the empiricism memories becoming the forms of the memory bearing and spreading from generation to generation,alternated cyclically under the guarantee of " Gal" organization through the elders’ communication with the families and their teaching of the young in the camel transportation.