放射工作人员职业健康管理调查分析

Investigation and analysis of occupational health management of radiological workers

目的了解天津市及其他地区放射工作人员对辐射防护的认知情况,增强放射工作人员辐射防护意识,减少工作中电离辐射对自身及他人损伤。方法选取全国不同地区共627名放射工作人员,其中天津市随机抽样共321人,河北省158人,其他地区共148人。对天津市接受调查人员采用现场发放及收回方式,其余地区通过网络无记名形式进行填写和收回问卷。结果放射工作人员普遍对辐射防护知识关注度较高(98.13%),但是对辐射防护基础知识掌握程度不高。另外,个别单位存在放射相关工作人员在参加工作前未能及时进行放射工作人员身体健康检查等工作。结论放射工作人员的辐射防护基础知识相对较欠缺,与学历无关。所在单位需要对放射工作人员在防护基础知识方面的培训方式有所改进或增加相应的讲座。针对不同的工作分类医学和非医学,进行相应的防护教育培训以提高其辐射防护的水平。对个人剂量计佩戴情况和放射工作人员身体健康检查等工作应引起单位和监督部门的注意。

Objective To understand radiation worker′s awareness of radiation protection, enhance their awareness of radiation protection, and reduce the damage of radiation to themselves and others.Methods A total of 627 radiological workers were selected from different regions of China, among which a certain number of workers were randomly selected from the stratified cluster sampling in Tianjin and other regions. The investigators in Tianjin were given out and retrieved on site, while the rest of other areas were filled in through online anonymous forms.Results Radiation workers generally pay more attention to the knowledge of radiation protection, but have a low level of basic knowledge of radiation protection. In addition, in some units, radiation-related staff failed to carry out radiological physical health examination before taking part in the work. Some units lack oversight and contingency plans for radiological accidents.Conclusion The basic knowledge of radiation protection of radiological workers is relatively deficient, which has nothing to do with their educational background. Therefore the unit needs to improve the training methods or add corresponding lectures. According to the different job categories of medical and non-medical, the corresponding protection education and training should be carried out to improve the level of radiation protection. It is necessary to pay attention to the wearing of individual dosimeters and the physical examination of radiological workers.