黑木耳种质杂交创新的流程与关键技术

Process and Key Technology of Auricularia heimuer Hybrid Germplasm Innovation

杂交(单-单杂交)是食用菌种质创新行之有效的方法,而单核菌株与双核菌株的真实性鉴定为其中最重要的环节。黑木耳为我国第二大食用菌,不但与其他常见食用菌亲缘关系较远,而且菌丝细弱、半透明、锁状联合数量少,无法凭借锁状联合的有无来准确鉴定单核菌丝和双核菌丝的真实性。根据多年对黑木耳遗传育种研究实践,集成创新出黑木耳种质杂交创新的流程与关键技术:确定种质创新目标一►选择目标性状互补亲本一►子实体培养一►单抱分离一►双重荧光染色鉴定“单核菌株”真实性一►选择生长势强的单核菌株进行单-单杂交制备“杂交菌株”一►“杂交菌株”真实性鉴定一►选择与双亲生理特性差异大的杂交菌株-选择与双亲生化特性差异大的杂交菌株一►出耳培养一►初筛、复筛出农艺性状表现超亲的特异种质。旨在为同行开展相关研究提供参考。

Mon-mon hybridization is an effective method for germplasm innovation of edible fungi,and the authenticity identification of mononuclear and binuclear strains is the most important step.Auricularia heimuer is the second largest edible fungus in China.It is not only far related to other common edible fungi,but also has thin hypha and small amount of clamp connection.It is impossible to accurately identify the authenticity of mononuclear and binuclear hyphae whether the clamp connection is present.In this paper,based on many years'research on heredity breeding of A.heimu・er,the integrated hybrid germplasm innovation process and the key technology of A,heimuer were discussed.The process and key technology are as follows:determination of the germplasm innovation goals-►selection of complementary parents for target traits-►fruitbody culture—►isolation of monospore-►authenticity identification of u mononuclear strainsM with double fluorescent staining-►selection of mononuclear strains with strong growth potential for mon・mon hybridization-►authenticity identification of u hybrid strainsM-►selection of hybrid strains with great difference from parents in physiological characteristics-►selection of hybrid strains with great difference from parents in biochemical cha-►acteristics-►testing for fruitbody culture-►selection of specific germplasms with heterobeltiosis in agronomic traits.This paper could provide reference for the related edible fungus research.