有机物料对不同年生人参产量及皂苷含量的影响

Effects of Different Organic Materials on Yield and Saponin Composition of Different Annual Ginseng

试验研究了施用人参专用肥(Z)、EM菌肥(W)、树叶肥(S1,S2,S3),对不同年生人参产量及皂苷含量的影响。采用紫外分光光度法测定人参总皂苷含量;高效液相色谱法测定人参单体皂苷Rg1、Re、Rb1。施肥条件下人参产量及皂苷含量均显著高于对照。S3处理下各年生人参产量均最高,分别为1.79,2.13,2.55,3.01 kg/m^2,Z处理下3年生和6年生人参总皂苷含量最大,分别为1.94%和4.36%,S3处理下4年生和5年生人参总皂苷含量最大,分别为3.04%和3.64%。施肥后人参主根长和主根直径以3年生至4年生增长显著,人参产量各年生间均增势显著,其中施肥后3年生至4年生人参产量增幅明显高于对照。施肥对3年生至4年生人参总皂苷和单体皂苷RS的积累有显著影响,对单体皂苷Rg1+Re彩响不大。施加有机树叶肥可以显著提高人参产量和皂苷含量。人参产量的变化趋势与人参主根长和主根直径的变化趋势呈正相关。施肥对3年生人参主根长及产量的彩响最为显著,对3年生人参总皂苷和单体皂苷Rb,的积累有显著影响。

The changes of ginseng yield and saponin content after application of ginseng special fertilizer,bio-fertilizer and organic leaf fertilizer in different annual ginseng were observed.The content of total saponins of ginseng was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.The contents of saponins Rg1,Re and Rb1were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.Under the condition of fertilization,ginseng yield and saponin content of ginseng were significantly higher than control.The annual production of raw ginseng is the highest under S3 treatment,1.79 kg/m^2,2.13 kg/m^2,2.55 kg/m^2 and 3.01 kg/m^2,respectively.Under Z treatment,total saponin content of the 3-yearold and 6-year-old ginseng is the highest,1.94%and 4.36%,respectively.Under S3 treatment,total saponin content of the 4-year and 5-year-old ginseng is the highest,3.04%and 3.64%,respectively.And root length and root diameter of ginseng were significantly increased,and the increase of root length and yield of the 3-year-old to 4-year-old ginseng was significantly higher than control.Fertilization had a significant effect on the accumulation of the 3-year-old to 4-year-old ginsenosides and monosodium saponins Rb1,but little effect on monosodium saponins Rg1+Re.The application of organic leaf fertilizer could significantly increase yield of ginseng and content of saponin.The trend of ginseng yield was related to the change trend of root length and root diameter of ginseng.Fertilization had the most significant effect on root length and yield of the 3-year-old ginseng,and a significant effect on the accumulation of its total ginsenosides and monosodium saponins Rb1.