城乡居民家庭基本生活需要的测量及保障路径分析——基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据

The measurement and fulfillment of the basic needs standard of China’s households:Based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies 2018(CFPS 2018)

基于 2018 年中国家庭追踪调查数据,运用扩展线性支出(ELES)模型,测量城乡居民家庭基本生活需要标准,从社会安全网视角分析基本生活需要保障路径。研究表明:城乡地区有近三成家庭的人均纯收入未能达到基本生活需要标准,部分社会政策项目设计存在基本生活需要保障水平不充分和地区不平衡问题,政府、亲属分别是满足家庭基本生活需要最主要的正式和非正式保障途径。基于此,重视基本生活需要标准测量并纳入民生决策范围,提高相关社会政策项目的基本生活需要保障水平,加强社会安全网中社会互助等非正式保障途径的作用,是实现城乡居民家庭基本生活需要保障的有效举措。

Based on the data of the China Family Panel Studies 2018(CFPS 2018),using the Extend Linear Expenditure System(ELES),this paper measured the basic needs standard of China’s urban and rural households,and further compared it with the minimum livelihood guarantee standards and minimum wage standards.This result shows that almost one-third of the household’s per capita income is below the standard of basic needs,some social policy projects have low levels of protection and regional imbalances.For families whose basic needs are not fulfilled,government support and family relative help are the main guarantees.China’s social policy should pay attention to the basic needs of people,improve the level of protection of social policy project standards,and encourage members of society to help each other.