摘要
为探索缓解黄连连作障碍的无公害方法,以头茬黄连(CK1)和连作3 a黄连(CK2)为对照,研究了小麦、大葱及黑麦草伴生栽培对连作3 a黄连产量、发病率及根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,与CK1相比,连作导致黄连产量下降43.29%、发病率提高59.92个百分点;连作显著降低了黄连根际土壤微生物的数量和多样性,其中,细菌、放线菌含量分别降低18.20%、21.20%,真菌含量提高60.37%,土壤由细菌型向真菌型转化;连作导致根际土壤微生物优势菌门和优势菌属相对丰度产生较大变化。伴生栽培可有效缓解黄连连作障碍,3种作物伴生栽培中以大葱伴生效果最佳。与CK2相比,大葱伴生栽培使黄连产量提高67.63%,发病率降低47.32个百分点;根际土壤细菌、放线菌含量分别提高12.15%、10.80%,真菌含量降低30.61%;细菌和真菌的Chao1指数、Ace指数和Shannon指数显著升高,Simpson指数显著降低;酸杆菌门、放线菌门、子囊菌门、担子菌门等相对丰度分别提高20.43%、54.68%、26.62%、39.20%,厚壁菌门、浮霉菌门、接合菌门、纤毛亚门相对丰度分别降低33.81%、21.66%、49.25%、22.13%;红游动菌属、韦荣球菌属、支顶孢属、绿僵菌属相对丰度分别提高28.03%、35.34%、86.58%、36.19%,柠檬酸杆菌属、链球菌属、假霉样真菌属、镰刀菌属相对丰度分别降低17.48%、40.68%、32.62%、44.95%。相关性分析结果表明,假霉样真菌属、被孢霉属、镰刀菌属及柠檬酸杆菌属等菌群丰度与黄连发病率呈正相关,而红游动菌属、韦荣球菌属及支顶孢属等菌群丰度与黄连发病率呈负相关。综上所述,伴生栽培可有效缓解黄连连作障碍,3种作物伴生栽培中以大葱伴生效果最佳。
To explore a pollution-free method to alleviate the impediment to continuous cropping of Coptis chinensis,we used Coptis chinensis reaped in its first ripeness(CK1)and Coptis chinensis cropped for three years(CK2)as the comparison group to study the influence of wheat,shallot and ryegrass as companion crops on the production,morbidity of Coptis chinensis cropped for three years and structure of microorganism community in rhizosphere soil.The result showed that,compared to CK1,continuous cropping led to 43.29%decrease in production and 59.92 percentage points increase in morbidity of Coptis chinensis.The continuous cropping obviously lowered the number and diversity of microorganism in rhizosphere soil.The content of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased by 18.20%and 21.20%respectively while that of fungi increased by 60.37%.The soil transformed from bacterial type to fungal type.Continuous cropping caused great changes in the relative abundance of predominant phyla and genera of microorganism in rhizosphere soil.Companion cropping could effectively alleviate the impediment of continuous cropping of Coptis chinensis.Among three companion crops,shallot provided most ideal outcome.The companion cropping of shallot increased the production of Coptis chinensis by 67.63%and lowered the morbidity by 47.32 percentage points;The content of bacteria and actinomycetes increased by 12.15%and 10.80%respectively.The content of fungi lowered by 30.61%;The Chao1 index,Ace index and Shannon index of bacteria and fungus increased prominently while Simpson index was in a downturn.The relative abundance of Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,Ascomycota,Basidiomycota increased by 20.43%,54.68%,26.62%and 39.20%respectively,while the relative abundance of Firmicutes,Planctomycetales,Zygomycota and Ciliophora lowered by 33.81%,21.66%,49.25%and 22.13%respectively;The relative abundance of Rhodoplanes,Veillonella,Acremonium and Metarhizium increased by 28.03%,35.34%,86.58%and 36.19%,while that of Citrobacter,Streptococcus,Pseudallescheria and Fusarium decreased by 17.48%,40.68%,32.62%and 44.95%respectively.The result of relativity analysis showed that the a bundance of Pseudallescheria,Mortierella,Fusarium and Citrobacter had positive correlation to the morbidity of Coptis chinensis while the a bundance of Rhodoplanes,Veillonella and Acremonium had negative correlation to the morbidity of Coptis chinensis.To summarize,companion cropping can effectively alleviate the impediment to the continuous cropping of Coptis chinensis,and shallot has the best effect as the companion crop.
作者
牛四坤
NIU Sikun(Pharmacy Department of Shanxi Pharmaceutical Vocational College,Taiyuan 030031,China)
出处
《河南农业科学》
北大核心
2020年第1期52-60,共9页
Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences
基金
山西省高等学校科技创新项目(201804038)
山西药科职业学院院级项目(2018108)
关键词
黄连
伴生栽培
连作障碍
产量
土壤微生物群落
大葱
Coptis chinensis
Companion planting
Continuous cropping obstacle
Yield
Soil microbial community
Green onion