黑龙江传统建筑的适寒性研究

The cold climate adaptation of traditional buildings in Heilongjiang province

建筑是时代的产物,是特定时期、特定社会环境下,生产技术、经济水平与实际自然环境合理结合的结果。建筑与自然地理环境相适应,原本就是各地人民建设自己的生活环境的普遍原则之一。如何充分利用自然地理环境特征,既是人类建筑活动最古老的一个课题,也是现代地域性建筑创作最重要的一个方面。黑龙江省地区特殊的气候环境,造就了黑龙江地区传统建筑浓郁的地域特色。四季分明,冬季漫长而寒冷,并且长时间被冰雪覆盖,夏季短暂而高温,春秋两季时间非常短,温度升降变化迅速,全年温差变化较大。平原地区多风,夏季以东南风为主,冬季西北风盛行,太阳辐射量较为充足等等,这些都是黑龙江地区的主要特点。黑龙江省的传统建筑具有寒地气候适应性的特征并反映在建筑设计布局、形体等各个方面。

Architecture is the product of the times.It is the outcome of reasonable combination of technology,economy and natural environment in a specific period and social environment.The adaptation of architecture to the natural geographical environment is one of the universal principles for local people to create their own living environment.How to make full use of the characteristics of natural environment is not only one of the oldest topics of human constructing activities,but also an important aspect of modern regional architectural design.The special climate environment in Heilongjiang Province has brought up the typical regional characteristics of traditional buildings in Heilongjiang Province.Heilongjiang region has four distinct seasons,including a long and cold winter,short and hot summer,fairly short spring and fall.In a year,the temperature of Heilongjiang region changes rapidly and by a big margin.The plain area is windy,the eastsouth wind is dominant in summer,the northwest wind prevails in winter,and the solar radiation is sufficient,etc.,these are the main characteristics of Heilongjiang area.Consequently,the traditional buildings in Heilongjiang Province have the characteristics of cold climate adaptability,which is reflected in the layout,shape and other aspects of architectural design.