宋代山棚形制和作用初探

A Discussion on the Shape and Function of the Ceremony Shed of Song Dynasty

山棚的起源植根于中国古代建筑体系,其具体含义和功能也有一个演变的过程。从现有文献记载来看,宋代山棚的建造和施工主要由官方来负责。宋代山棚尤其是节庆期间搭建的山棚,极其壮观,装饰也较为华丽。宋辽金境内的山棚在形制上虽有所区别,但大体还是一致的。从作用上讲,宋代山棚的娱乐功能最为显著,它既能满足节庆期间大众娱乐的需求,也会满足私人宴饮聚会的需要。山棚华丽的装饰对于营造节日氛围来说极其重要,而酒店商铺门口的山棚则起到广告和宣传的作用。此外,山棚的政治作用也极为明显,君王以此来营造节庆期间的氛围,标榜与民同乐,实为粉饰太平。

The ceremony shed is originated in the ancient Chinese architectural system with an evolutionary process in its specific meaning and function. According to the existing documentation, the ceremony shed is mainly constructed in the charge of authorities in Song Dynasty, and those then built during the festive seasons are extremely spectacular in form and ornate in decoration. In spite of a slight difference in the shape, the sheds in the territory of Song, Liao and Jin Dynasties are generally consistent. The entertainment function of the ceremony shed is most remarkable in Song Dynasty. It can meet the needs of both the mass entertainment during the festive seasons and the private banquet parties. The gorgeous decoration of the ceremony shed is great important for creating a festive atmosphere, and the ceremony shed in front of hotels and shops play an important role of advertisement and propaganda. In addition, with obvious political function it is also employed by emperors to create a festival atmosphere with a view to flaunting joy with people but presenting a false appearance of peach and prosperity in fact.