中美互助养老“时间银行”模式对比研究

Comparative Study on the "Time Bank" Model of Mutual Assistance for the Elderly between China and the United States

概述了时间银行的由来及在国内外的发展情况,对中美互助养老“时间银行”运作模式进行了比较:美国有全国性的总行、经费来源多元、服务内容多样、计量方式统一、存储兑换灵活便捷、志愿者来源多、政府从立法上保障了服务的可持续发展;我国“时间银行”缺少主管部门和监督主体、经费来源有限、服务内容单一、计量方式不统一、存储兑换仅限于某一“时间银行”内部、志愿者参与意愿低、缺少专门法律法规的保障。在此基础上分析了我国互助养老“时间银行”运行面临的伦理冲突,指出我国发展互助养老“时间银行”的具体路径和对策。

This article summarizes the origin of time bank and its development at home and abroad,and compares the operation modes of time bank between China and the United States.The United States'time bank has a national head office,multiple sources of funds,diverse service contents,unified measurement methods,flexible and convenient storage and exchange,many sources of volunteers,and the legislative government-guaranteed sustainable development of services.China's time banks are lack of competent departments and supervisor subjects,have limited sources of funds,single service content,inconsistent measurement methods,limited storage and exchange within the bank at a certain time,low willingness of volunteers to participate,and are lack of the guarantee of specific laws and regulations.On this basis,this article analyzes the ethical conflicts faced by the operation of"time bank"in China,and puts forward the specific path and countermeasures for the development of"time bank"for the mutual assistance for the elderly in China.