菠萝黑心病研究进展

Advances in Research of Post-harvest Pineapple Blackheart Disease

菠萝黑心病是菠萝采后贮藏和运输过程中易发的生理性病害,货架期仅6~8 d,严重制约着菠萝产业和进出口贸易的发展,文稿就近年来巴厘菠萝黑心病发病机理、采前采后防治方法、存在问题及展望3个方面对菠萝黑心病研究现状进行综述。菠萝黑心病病因复杂,发病后涉及一系列复杂生理生化反应过程,发病机理可从酶促褐变、膜脂代谢、糖酸代谢途径、活性氧积累等方面展开研究,防治方法以夏季栽培巴厘果冬季栽培抗病品种为主,控制巴厘菠萝采收时间,气调保鲜结合低温贮藏,菠萝黑心病须综合防控,通过改善栽培措施提高果实品质、选用抗病品种、采前采后处理相结合等一系列措施降低菠萝黑心病的发生。解决菠萝黑心病的根本途径在于品种改良,随着基因编辑技术的进步以及菠萝遗传转化体系的日臻成熟,巴厘菠萝黑心病必将从根本上消除,极大促进雷州半岛菠萝产业的发展。

Pineapple blackheart disease is a physiological disease that is easy to occur in the process of post-harvest storage and transportation of pineapple.Its shelf life is only 6-8 d,which seriously restricts the development of pineapple industry and import-export trade.In this paper,the research status of pineapple blackheart disease in Bali in recent years is summarized from three aspects:the pathogenesis,the pre-and post-harvest control methods,and the existing problems and the prospect.A series of complex physiological and biochemical reaction processes are involved after the occurrence of pineapple blackheart disease.The pathogenesis can be studied from the aspects of enzymatic browning,membrane lipid metabolism,sugar and acid metabolism,active oxygen accumulation and etc.The control methods mainly include:cultivating Bali fruit in summer and resistant varieties in winter,controlling the harvest time of Bali pineapple,air-conditioned preservation combined with low-temperature storage.Comprehensive prevention and control of pineapple blackheart disease is required.A series of measures,such as improving fruit quality,selecting resistant varieties and optimizing pre-and post-harvest treatments are taken to reduce the occurrence of pineapple blackheart disease.The fundamental control of pineapple black heart disease lies in the improvement of varieties.With the progress of gene editing technology and the maturity of pineapple genetic transformation system,Bali pineapple blackheart disease will be eliminated fundamentally,which will greatly promote the development of pineapple industry in Leizhou Peninsula.