生态马克思主义批评探讨

An Exploration of Eco-Marxist Criticism

生态马克思主义批评是生态批评第二阶段继生态女性主义批评和后殖民生态批评之后兴起的批评流派,是生态批评的“红色化”,也是马克思主义批评的“绿色化”。它把文学批评放在阶级压迫和生态危机的语境下,把人类、自然、文学、文化联系起来考察,反对物种歧视和阶级歧视,反对人类中心主义和生态中心主义,批判资本主义制度和生态帝国主义,认为这些是生态危机的根源。其目的是通过文学研究对人类文化进行重新审视和批判,改变自然和劳动阶级的“他者”和“边缘化”地位,唤醒人们的生态意识、环境公正和社会公正意识,建立一个人与社会、人与自然和谐相处、协调发展的共产主义社会。生态马克思主义批评实现了批评实践中自然生态和人类社会的融合,提高了生态批评的人学品格,为生态批评和马克思主义批评开辟了广阔的学术空间。

As a new literary critical school after eco-feminism and post-colonialism,eco-Marxist criticism,is the"reddening"of eco-criticism,and the"greening"of Marxism as well.By putting literary studies in context of classism and eco-crisis,eco-Marxist criticism attacks anthropocentrism and eco-centrism,and criticizes the capitalist system and ecological imperialism.Reconsidering literature and human culture by relating class,nature,literature and culture to each other,it aims to change the position of nature and working class as the other,arouse people's ecological,environmental and social consciousness,so as to construct a communist society where human and nature,human and society maintain a harmonious co-existence.The birth of eco-Marxist criticism mingles natural ecology and human society,improves eco-criticism's human attribute,and therefore opens broader academic space for both of them.