防治核桃黑斑病药剂筛选及田间药效试验

Selection and Field Application of Effective Bactericides against Walnut Blight

核桃细菌性黑斑病是一种危害核桃的重要病害。为明确不同杀菌剂对核桃细菌性黑斑病菌的抑制作用以及田间防效。通过室内抑菌试验及田间喷雾防治试验,研究了中生菌素等14种杀菌剂对核桃细菌性黑斑病的抑制作用。结果表明,中生菌素等7种供试杀菌剂对核桃细菌性黑斑病原菌成团泛菌具有一定的抑制作用,其EC 50在40.27~252.41 mg·L^-1,其中中生菌素的抑制作用最强,EC 50为40.27 mg·L^-1,噻霉酮、硫酸链霉素和春雷霉素的抑制作用相当,EC 50分别为50.62、53.25、54.88 mg·L^-1,氟啶胺的EC 50为176.96 mg·L^-1。中生菌素、噻霉酮、氟啶胺和春雷霉素4种药剂田间药效试验结果表明,4种药剂对核桃黑斑病均有良好的防治效果,田间防效依次顺序为:中生菌素>噻霉酮>氟啶胺>春雷霉素。中生菌素对核桃果实黑斑病防效为81.35%,对核桃叶部黑斑病防效为82.65%。春雷霉素对核桃果实黑斑病防效为71.58%,对核桃叶部黑斑病防效为74.87%。中生菌素、噻霉酮、氟啶胺和春雷霉素等药剂可作为防治核桃细菌性黑斑病的理想药剂。

Walnut blight is the main disease of walnut.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the bactericidal activities and field performances of several bactericides against walnut blight.Fourteen bactericides were investigated by using indoor toxicity tests and field spray control tests.The results of indoor bioassay experiments showed that 7 bactericides could inhibit the growth of Pantoea agglomerans,of which EC50 values were between 40.27 mg·L^-1 and 252.41 mg·L^-1.Zhongshengmycin showed the highest antifungal activity with an EC50 value of 40.27 mg·L^-1,followed by benziothiazolinone,streptomycin sulphate and kasugamycin with the EC50 values of 50.62,53.25,and 54.88 mg·L^-1,respectively.The EC50 value of fluazinam was 176.96 mg·L^-1.Field experiments showed that zhongshengmycin,benziothiazolinone,kasugamycin and fluazinam exhibited higher efficacy against walnut blight.The best preventive effect on the disease was observed from zhongshengmycin with the efficiency of 81.35% on walnut fruits and 82.65% on walnut leaves,followed by benziothiazolinone and fluazinam.The lowest efficacy was observed from kasugamycin with the efficiency of 71.58% on walnut fruits and 74.87% on walnut leaves.Four bactericides including Zhongshengmycin,benziothiazolinone,kasugamycin and fluazinam could be used for chemical control against walnut blight.