白参、红参和黑参有效成分与抗氧化活性比较研究

A comparative study on effective components and antioxidant activities in white, red and black ginseng

采用高效液相色谱法、苯酚-硫酸显色法、分光光度法、DPPH法对3种炮制品的单体皂苷、多糖、总黄酮和抗氧化活性进行了测定。结果表明:总皂苷含量大小顺序为白参>黑参>红参,红参和黑参生成了白参中不存在的稀有皂苷Rg 3和Rh 1,黑参的Rg 3和Rh 1含量是红参的24.8倍和4.8倍,红参和黑参的单体皂苷Rg 1、Re、Rb 1、Rc含量显著少于白参;黑参的多糖含量最高,白参和红参多糖含量无差异;白参和黑参的总黄酮含量无显著差异,但两者都高于红参;黑参的人参皂苷、多糖和总黄酮DPPH清除能力高于白参和红参。总之,黑参的稀有皂苷、多糖和总黄酮含量最高,其3种有效成分的DPPH清除能力最强,抗氧化能力最强,具有很高的开发和利用价值。

Ginsenosides,polysaccharides,total flavonoids and antioxidant activities were evaluated and compared using the methods of HPLC,phenol-sulfuric acid chromogenic,spectrophotometry and DPPH,respectively.The order of total ginsenoside content was white ginseng>black ginseng>red ginseng.Rare ginsenosides Rg 3 and Rh 1,absent in white ginseng,were produced in red and black ginseng,and the contents of Rg 3 and Rh 1 in black ginseng were 24.8 times and 4.8 times of those in red ginseng,respectively.However,the contents of monomer ginsenosides Rg 1,Re,Rb 1 and Rc in red and black ginseng were decreased compared with white ginseng.The polysaccharide content of black ginseng was the highest,and there was no significant difference between white ginseng and red ginseng.There was no significant difference in the content of total flavonoids between white ginseng and black ginseng,but their contents of total flavonoids were significantly higher than that of red ginseng.Compared with white ginseng and red ginseng,ginseng saponins,polysaccharides and total flavonoids of black ginseng had the strongest DPPH scavenging ability.In a word,black ginseng has abundant value for development and utilization.