绿色木霉对花生黄曲霉毒素污染的防治

Guangdong Agribusiness Tropical Agriculture Research Institute Co.,Ltd.

采用平板对峙培养、发酵液抑菌实验、薄层层析法以及ELISA法,检测绿色木霉对花生黄曲霉的抑菌活性和黄曲霉毒素的降解活性。结果表明,随着培养时间的增加,绿色木霉的拮抗作用增大,绿色木霉向黄曲霉扩张逐渐形成包围趋势,拮抗带宽度5.5 mm;不同培养时间和培养浓度的绿色木霉发酵液对黄曲霉均有抑制效果,且能抑制毒素的产生并降解黄曲霉毒素B1,当发酵液浓度为5%时,降解率达95%;大田试验发现该发酵液能显著降低花生收获前黄曲霉毒素的污染,降低率达97%,同时能较大程度地抑制土壤中黄曲霉的生长。绿色木霉发酵液中可能存在抑制黄曲霉生长及降解黄曲霉毒素的抗菌活性物质,此研究可为花生产业化生产提供理论依据。

The antimicrobial activity and aflatoxin degrading activity of Trichoderma viride against Aspergillus flavus were determined by using plate confrontation culture, fermentation broth inhibition experiment, ELISA and thin layer chromatography. The results showed that with the increase of culture time Trichoderma viride increased its antagonistic effect against A. flavus and tended to expand gradually to surround A. flavus with an antagonistic band being 5.5 mm wide. Fermentation broths at different incubation time and concentrations all showed an inhibitory effect against A. flavus, inhibited the production of toxins and degraded aflatoxin B1, and the degrading rate was upto 95% when the fermentation broth was 5%. Field experiment found that the fermentation broths reduced significantly aflatoxin contamination of peanut before harvest at a rate of 97%, and at the same time inhibited greatly the growth of A. flavus in the soil. The results showed that the fermentation broths of T. viride maybe contain antibacterial active substances which could inhibit the growth of A. flavus and degrade aflatoxin.