中国民族志实践的当代进展与文化自觉

Ethnographical Practice in China: Contemporary Development and Cultural Self-Consciousness

20世纪80年代以来,中国人类学学科获得了恢复与发展,开始重新与国际人类学相呼应与对话。中国民族志的当代实践,产生了一大批新的优秀成果。与传统民族志相比,这些成果研究主题出现转换,“发展变迁”的旋律突出;研究对象得到拓展,海外民族志逐渐兴起;研究方法得以更新,出现了“主体民族志”思潮;叙事观念有所觉醒,有学者提出“三重主体叙事”的理念。在国外民族志反思浪潮的影响以及国内社会和思想变革促使叙事主体的本土意识逐渐形成的双重背景下,中国当代民族志正在走向“文化自觉”。

Since it was restored in the 1980s,anthropology in China has made fast progress.Dialogues with international studies have become increasingly common.Contemporary ethnographic studies in China,in which many achievements have been made,differ from traditional practice in at least three ways.First,there is an obvious switch in thematic matters in that“development and change”are among the most important keywords.Second,research objects have been expanded,since overseas ethnography came into existence.Third,research methodology has been renewed as is evidenced by the appearance of“subject ethnography”.Fourth,narratives have attracted growing attention like the case of“triple main narrative”.Currently,international ethnographical studies are noted with academic reflections,while in China nativity of narrative subjects is being built in the process of social and ideological change.Under this background,ethnographical studies in China are increasingly marked with“cultural self-consciousness”.