边境贸易史视角下的国家认同研究——以云南为例

On National Identity from the Perspective of Border-Trade History——A Case Study of Yunnan Province

与历史话语体系中的边疆之地不同,云南虽地处西南边疆,却很难被视为传统意义上的边疆,尤其是从边境贸易的视角切入可以发现云南在历史长时段中的活跃性以及“边缘与中心”角色转变的流动性。这种流动性的转变与其国家认同的形成与强化过程息息相关。王朝时期云南通过朝贡贸易,以地处帝国边缘的“不在场的在场者”身份将自身整合进入王朝体系,成为王朝时代重要的西南重镇;尔后通过开埠通商被动地纳入全球贸易体系,在世界贸易参与中通过他者确认了自我认同与国家认同。现代国家语境下,通过其自身区位优势带动下的边境贸易,在延续了古代丝绸之路的“一带一路”倡议的支持下,历史上的多民族边疆地区云南成为了自我认同与国家认同高度统一的“边缘上的中心”。

Though located at the southwest frontiers of China,Yunnan Province was not taken as typical frontier regions in historical discourses.Geopolitically,however,Yunnan has been moving from the margin all the way to the center in the long history of border trade with which the province has been actively engaged.The shift in its geopolitical position is the result of its growing degree of national identification.During the monarchy periods,the province,thought to be“the present absentees”with its marginal place in the empire,affiliated itself with the empire by means of tributary trade.Later when border trade was opened,the province was incorporated into the global trade system and its awareness of national identity,as well as of self identity,was strengthened.In modern period when border trade is burgeoning with the support of“the belt and road initiative”,the province,noted for its multiple ethnic minorities,has become“a center among the frontiers”with its strong and unified sense of self identity and national identity.