新中国成立以来社会福利制度的演变与发展——基于社会权利视角的分析

The Evolution and Development of Social Welfare System Since the Founding of the PRC:an Analysis from the Perspective of Social Rights

新中国成立70年来,社会福利制度体系经历了深刻的变迁。尝试从社会权利视角出发,通过构建福利资格准入、福利制度安排和福利结果的解释框架,对四个历史阶段的社会福利制度演变进行梳理和分析,可以发现:新中国的社会福利制度经历了"国家主义"统揽、"发展主义"主导、新世纪初期政策扩张和新时代政策深化的变迁过程,并面临严峻的现实挑战。为了建构新时代中国特色社会福利制度体系,应该克服福利发展上的认知悖论,重视福利制度安排的积极作用,着力解决福利责任主体不清的问题,形成多元的社会福利供给模式,并通过改变社会福利制度碎片化格局,构建统一公民身份的"社会中国"。

Since the founding of the PRC for 70 years, the social welfare system has undergone profound chang-es. From the perspective of social rights, this article attempts to analyze the evolution of social welfare system infour historical stages by constructing the interpretative framework of welfare qualification admission, welfaresystem arrangement, and welfare results. It can be found that the social welfare system of the PRC has under-gone the changing process of"nationalist"centralization,"developmentalist"domination, policy expansion atthe beginning of the 21 st century, and policy deepening in the New Era, and is facing a serious realistic chal-lenge. In order to construct the social welfare system with Chinese characteristics in the New Era, we shouldovercome the cognitive paradox of the development of welfare, attach importance to the positive role of the ar-rangement of the welfare system, strive to solve the problem of unclearness of welfare responsibility main body,and form a model of diverse social welfare supply model, and, construct"social China"with a unified citizen-ship by changing the fragmented pattern of the social welfare system.