民国前期议会政党政治失败的制度透视

The System Perspective on the Failure of Parliamentary Party Politics in the Early Period of the Republic of China

民国前期议会政党政治的制度变迁,主要表现为政党组织与政治选举、政党竞合与议会政治等内容,历经整合、分化与衰败三个时期。议会政党政治的失败,与派系纷争的极端化、利益优先的对抗性、武力抉择的外来冲击等因素有关,最后的中断是1924年10月北京政变与第二次直奉战争影响的结果,具有一定的偶然性。从世界范围来看,近代中国议会政党政治的试验,基本符合各国政党政治历史变迁的规律,只是其尚处于现代政党政治发展的初级阶段,还没有进入更高层次的制度化阶段。

The institutional changes of parliamentary party politics in the early period of the Republic of China were mainly manifested in the organization of parties and political elections,the competition and cooperation of parties and parliamentary politics,has gone through three periods:integration,differentiation and decline.The failure of parliamentary party politics is related to the extremization of factional disputes,the confrontation of the priority of interests,and the external shocks of the choice of force.From the worldwide perspective,the experiment of parliamentary party politics basically conforms to the laws of political historical changes in various countries.At that time,it was still in the primary stage of modern political party development and had not entered a higher level of institutionalization.