线粒体在2型糖尿病中的作用及中药对其缓解作用

The role of mitochondria in type 2 diabetes mellitus and alleviative effects on it from traditional Chinese medicines

随着生活水平的提高,2型糖尿病的患病率逐年上升。胰岛素抵抗与胰岛β细胞分泌功能受损是2型糖尿病的重要病理机制,而这两者均与胰岛、骨骼肌、肝脏等组织线粒体功能障碍密切相关。线粒体DNA突变、衰老、氧化应激、生物合成下降、沉默信息调节因子3(silent information regulator 3,Sirt3)基因下调、自噬异常、解偶联蛋白2(uncoupling protein 2,UCP2)过表达等与2型糖尿病发病相关。中药通过调节线粒体而缓解2型糖尿病病程,且具有副作用低、疗效稳定等特点。本文对线粒体与2型糖尿病的关系以及中药调节线粒体而缓解2型糖尿病的作用进行综述,提出目前研究存在的一些问题,并对未来研究方向进行展望。

With the improvement of living standards,the prevalence of type 2 diabetes(T2 DM)increases year by year.Study results have indicated that insulin resistance and injury of secretion function of pancreatic beta-cell are the major pathogenesis of T2 DM,both of which are closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction of islet,skeletal muscle,liver and other organizations.Mitochondrial DNA mutation,senescence,oxidative stress,decreased biosynthesis,down-regulation of Sirt3 gene,abnormal autophagy,and overexpression of UCP2 are associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes.Traditional Chinese medicines can alleviate the development of T2 DM through regulating mitochondria with such advantages as low-side effects,stable-efficacy.In this review,the relationship between mitochondria and T2 DM and the alleviative effects of traditional Chinese medicines on T2 DM through regulating mitochondria were summarized.Furthermore,some problems in current research were proposed with the future perspectives.