城市轨道交通站点可达性度量及评价——以天津市为例

Accessibility Measurement and Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit Stations:An Application in Tianjin

城市轨道交通主要通过提高站点周边地区的可达性来引导区域发展,因此,对其可达性的评价一直是交通领域的重要议题。通过分析城市轨道交通网络本身的连接关系和站点与周边街道网络的连接关系,构建了度量城市轨道交通站点可达性的两个指标--站间可达性和站域可达性,并利用"节点-场所"模型对其可达性空间格局进行了综合评价。基于官方资料和现场踏勘数据,对天津城市轨道交通进行了实证研究,结果表明:天津城市轨道交通站点的站间可达性平均值高于站域可达性平均值,城市主中心区域站点的可达性值最高;根据站间可达性和站域可达性之间的不同特征,可将各站点分为5种类型;站间可达性与站域可达性的结合能够反映"出发地-城市轨道交通-目的地"完整的出行路径。科学评价城市轨道交通站点的可达性水平,对于指导城市轨道交通网络规划和区域交通发展具有一定的参考价值。

Urban rail transit mainly guides regional development by improving the accessibility of the station area,so the evaluation of its accessibility has always been an important topic in the field of transportation.By analyzing the connection of urban rail transit network itself and the connection between station and surrounding street network,two indicators for measuring the accessibility of urban rail transit stations are established,which are inter-station accessibility and outer-station accessibility,and their spatial pattern is evaluated comprehensively by the node-place model.Based on official data and site survey data,the accessibility of urban rail transit stations in Tianjin is measured.The results show that the average of inter-station accessibility is higher than outer-station accessibility.City center stations exhibit the highest accessibility values,whereas peripheral stations tend to be more unbalanced.The five identified types of urban rail transit stations in Tianjin demonstrate that stations with high accessibility in urban rail transit network and well-integrated,continuous and dense spatial configuration of the street network in station areas are associated with better development potential.The combination of inter-station accessibility and outer-station accessibility can reflect the complete travel path of "starting place-urban rail transit-destination",and scientifically evaluate the accessibility of urban rail transit stations,which has certain reference value for guiding the planning of urban rail transit network and regional traffic development.