对中国与世界关系的审视与反思

A Review of the Relationship between China and the World

中国与世界的关系经历四个历史阶段。1840年以前,可以说是基于帝国逻辑的中国中心与等级化的世界整体观,体现了对普遍性一定程度的认同。1840年以后的三个阶段,逐渐转向国家主义、民族主义,换言之,转向对特殊性的认同。其间,在20世纪初的新文化运动中,出现了世界主义在中国的第一次浪潮,而在改革开放40年的进程中,整体性和共同性得到明显倡导与发扬。这个历史脉络表明,中国与世界的关系经历了从认同中心论的普遍性,向国家主义的特殊性乃至当今特色性思维的转变。改革开放促使中国与世界关系的认同与定位向世界主义转向,从而进一步凸显了中国与世界关系中普遍性与特殊性、共性与个性的统筹与协调问题。因此,对改革开放以来中国与世界关系的认知与实践进行总结、反思,维护改革开放的价值与理念,推进中国继续沿着人类文明的大道前行,是不容回避的时代课题。

The relationship between China and the world is one of the most prominent and acute issues facing contemporary China.There is a lack of reflection on the issue from the perspective of philosophical values and ideas.The relationship has gone through four historical periods:before 1840,from 1840 to 1949,from 1949 to 1978,and the post-reform era from 1978 to the present.Before 1840,the relationship was largely shaped by a hierarchical,China-centric worldview based on an imperial logic reflecting,to some extent,a global viewpoint.The following three stages gradually turned to nationalism and the identification of particularity.The New Cultural Movement in the early 20 th century,for example,saw the first wave of cosmopolitanism in China.During the forty years of reform and opening up,commonality was also advocated and advanced.This historical line shows that the relationship between China and the world has undergone a change from a China-centric universality to the particularity of nationalism and to today’s idea of Chinese characteristics.The policy of reform and opening up has promoted a cosmopolitan relationship between China and the world,thus further highlighting the importance of balancing universality and particularity.To safeguard the values of reform and opening up and advance China’s continual growth along the road of human civilization,it is crucial to review and reflect on the ideas and practice of the relationship between China and the world.