新英格兰超验主义哲学思潮的滥觞与流向

On the Birth and Development of New England Transcendentalism

爱默生是新英格兰超验主义哲学思潮的主要代表人物,其思想来源纷杂庞芜,主要有柏拉图及新柏拉图主义、欧洲浪漫主义思想、德国唯心主义及东方玄学。在康德的影响下,爱默生的思想视域从关注主体认知转向了主体实践,他深刻地认识到世界的存在显现在人们参与性的行动中,世界是人们认识的对象,因此,人的存在亦是世界的意义和价值的反映。对新英格兰超验主义思想的源流进行梳理分析,有利于进一步发掘新英格兰超验主义运动的历史意义和现实启示。

Emerson is the major representative of New England Transcendentalist movement,and the sources of his thoughts are miscellaneous.Transcendentalists took their ideas from the romantic literature of Europe,from Platonism and Neo-Platonism,from German idealistic philosophy,and from the revelations of Oriental Mysticism.Influenced by Kant,Emerson converted his vision from subjective cognition to subjective practice,since he deeply realized that the existence of the world is illustrated in human beings’participation.The world is the object of people’s cognition,and thereby,the existence of human beings is the reflection of the meaning and value of the world.A thorough interpretation of the birth and development of New England Transcendentalism will help to reveal the historic significance and the realistic revelation of this movement.