中国红树林的害虫种类及其综合防治

Species and integrated control of pests in mangrove community in China

通过查阅文献资料,共统计中国红树林害虫128种,隶属2纲7目55科,其中以鳞翅目、半翅目昆虫为主,分别占总数的52.4%和26.6%。危害无瓣海桑Sonneratia apetala、桐花树Aegiceras corniculatum、秋茄Kandelia obovata、白骨壤Avicennia marina、海桑Sonneratia caseolaris的害虫分别有45种、45种、37种、32种和20种。广东红树林害虫种类最多,共95种;广西其次,49种。鳞翅目害虫主要包括海榄雌瘤斑螟Acrobasis sp.、桐花树毛颚小卷蛾Lasiognatha cellifera Meyrick、棉古毒蛾Orgyia postica Walker、蜡彩袋蛾Chalia larminati Heylaerts、丽绿刺蛾Latoia lepida Cramer等,多以幼虫取食为害;半翅目害虫主要有考氏白盾蚧Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli(Cooley)、广翅蜡蝉Ricania sp.等,以幼虫、成虫吸食植物汁液为害。在害虫的综合防治中,以生物防治为主,如利用寄生蜂、苏云金杆菌、白僵菌、捕食性天敌和生物制剂等进行防治,结合物理防治可以提升防治效果。同时,探讨分析了红树林虫害暴发的原因和机制。

Through collection of a large number of literature,a total of 128 species of pests were recorded in mangrove community in China.The kinds of Lepidoptera and Hemiptera were main pests in mangrove,accounting for 52.4% and 26.6%,respectively.Sonneratia apetala,Aegiceras corniculatum,Kandelia obovata,Avicennia marina,Sonneratia caseolaris were main damaged species and a total of 45,45,37,32,20 pest species were found,respectively.The number of mangrove pest species in Guangdong Province was the most,about 95 species,and followed by 49 species in Guangxi Province.The damage of Lepidoptera was due to the feeding of larvae,such as Acrobasis sp.,Lasiognatha cellifera Meyrick,Orgyia postica Walker,Chalia larminati Heylaerts and Latoia lepida Cramer;while the damage of Hemiptera was mainly due to the suck of their larvae or adults,such as Pseudaulacaspis cockerelli(Cooley) and Ricania sp..The biological control was the most widely used method of controlling pests,such as using parasitic wasps,Bacillus thuringiensis,Beauveria bassiana,predatory natural enemies and biological agents for prevention and control.The efficiency could be better in combination with physical control.Besides,we also analysed the causes and mechanism of the outbreak of pests in mangrove community.