论监察环节的非法证据排除——以《监察法》第33条第3款为视角

Exclusion of Illegal Evidence in Supervision Stage——from the Perspective of Article 33(3) of Supervision Law

监察环节非法证据排除是监察机关实现自我监督和制约的重要手段,也是监察案件中保障实体真实、防范冤假错案的重要途径,它有效契合了"以审判为中心"诉讼制度的基本要求。我国《监察法》第33条第3款规定的监察环节非法证据排除规则,具有适用范围扩大化、运行程序职权化、适用阶段全程化和认定标准依附化等四个特点。为了保障监察环节非法证据排除规则的有效实施,应当在监察机关内部确立证据收集主体与审查认定主体的相对分离机制,强化法院和检察院刑事诉讼程序中对监察证据合法性的外部审查,赋予被调查人在监察环节享有获得律师帮助权。

Exclusion of illegal evidence in supervision stage is a significant means for supervisory institutions to realize self-supervision and self-restriction, and it is also an important way to ensure the truth and prevent wrongful convictions in supervision cases. It effectively meets the requirements of trial-centralism principles. Article 33(3) of Supervision Law of China has established the exclusion rule of illegal evidence in supervision stage. It has the following four characteristics: the extension of application scope, the authority of operation procedures, the whole process of application stage and the dependency of identification standards. To ensure effective application of the exclusion rule in supervision stage, the evidence collecting staff should be different from the staff who are in charge of evidence review. It’s also necessary to strengthen the court and the procuratorate’s evidence review power in criminal procedure, and ensure the suspects in supervision stage to get help from lawyers.