上海市某街道学生水痘疫苗接种率变化趋势调查

Investigation on the Trends of Varicella Vaccine Coverage Among Students in One Street of Shanghai

目的通过调查了解上梅市某街道托幼儿童和中小学生一剂次水痘疫苗接种率变化情況,为托幼和中小学校水痘疫情防控提供科学依据。方法釆用随机分层整群抽样方法,在上海市某街道随机抽取幼儿园、小学和初中各一所,整群随机抽取每个年级的2个班级学生为调查对象,分别于2011/2012学年和2017/2018学年对学生家长通过问卷调查了解学生既往罹患水痘和接种水痘疫苗情况。结果2011/2012学年和2017/2018学年分别回收631份(97.23%)和645份(96.56%)有效问卷。整体来看,2011/2012学年学生一剂次水痘疫苗接种率与2017/2018学年相比无明显变化(83.41%VS 84.94%,P=0.45),但2017/2018学年小学生一剂次水痘疫苗接种率要低于2011/2012学年(81.21%VS 90.00%,P<0.01)。结论上海市某街道托幼和中小学生一剂次水痘疫苗接种率维持在80%以上,但2017/2018学年小学生水痘疫苗接种率相比2011/2012学年有较大幅度下降。建议小学生入学时结合凭证入学工作,推荐未接种水痘疫苗学生接种该疫苗,进一步提高学生整体水痘疫苗接种率水平。

Objective To investigate and understand the changes of one-dose varicella vaccine coverage among students,and provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of varicella outbreaks in schools.Methods A multistage randomized cluster sampling method was used to select participants.One kindergarten,one primary school,and one middle school were randomly selected from a street of Shanghai.Two classes of each grade were randomly selected from each school,and all of the students in these classes made up the study population.Self-administered questionnaires(including questions on demographic information,history of varicella disease,and VarV immunization status)were distributed to parents of these students during the 2011/2012 and 2017/2018 school years.Results During the 2011/2012 and 2017/2018 school years,631(97.23%)and 645(96.56%)valid responses were collected,respectively.There was no significant change in the coverage of one-dose varicella vaccine for students in the 2011/2012 school year compared with the 2017/2018 school year(83.41%VS 84.94%,P=0.45).However,the vaccination coverage for primary school students in the 2017/2018 school year was lower than in the 2011/2012 school year(81.21%VS 90.00%,P<0.01).Conclusion The one-dose varicella vaccine coverage for students in Shanghai remained above 80%,but the vaccination coverage among primary school students in the 2017/2018 school year decreased significantly compared with the 2011/2012 school year.