意大利文化遗产保护与利用的公众参与激励机制

The Incentive Mechanism for Public Participation in the Conservation and Utilisation of Cultural Heritage in Italy

意大利拥有数量庞大的文化遗产,在文化遗产的保护利用方面也走在世界前列。意大利文化遗产保护利用之所以成功,是完善的法律法规、严格的管理制度、较高的社会参与水平等多种因素共同作用的结果。近年来,受经济危机影响,意大利国家文化遗产与文化活动部(MiBAC)的财政预算不足国家财政资金的千分之三。为弥补这部分财政资金不足,意大利政府采取指定个人所得税用途、鼓励自由捐赠、出让公共文化财产使用权等多种方式,调动资金参与到文化遗产保护与利用全过程中,相应推出了“艺术补贴”和“故乡价值”等一系列项目。不仅有效保护利用了文化遗产,而且增加了就业岗位,带动了社会经济发展。

Italy has a large amount of cultural heritage and is advanced in the conservation and utilisation of cultural heritage.The synergy of laws,regulations,management systems and high levels of social participation contribute to the success of cultural heritage conservation and utilisation in Italy.The Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities(MiBAC)is the central government body responsible for all aspects of cultural affairs.Due to the economic crisis in Europe in recent years,the financial budget of the MiBAC is less than 3‰of the national financial funds.To make up for the lack of financial resources,the Italian government applies some ways to encourage public participation,including earmarking the use of personal income tax,calling for donations,and leasing of public cultural immovable properties.A series of programs,such as‘Art Bonus’and‘Valore del Paese’,was introduced.These policies have had a positive impact on cultural heritage,and at the same time,increased employment opportunities and promoted social-economic development.