北京市高血压患者盐摄入量调查及与血压水平的关系

Relationship between salt intake and blood pressure level in hypertensive patients in Beijing

目的了解北京地区高血压患者盐摄入量及与血压水平的关系。方法本研究为流行病学横断面筛查研究。入选原发性高血压患者,通过测定24 h尿钠水平评估盐摄入量,分为低盐、中盐和高盐摄入3组,分析不同盐摄入量患者血压的控制情况。结果共入选高血压患者2241例,其中三级医院1544例,社区医院697例。年龄(59.5±13.8)岁,血压(141.1±18.5)/(84.6±12.7)mm Hg,平均24 h尿钠水平163.9(95%CI 160.3~167.4)mmol,相当于氯化钠9.59(95%CI 9.38~9.79)g/d。社区医院就诊的高血压患者盐摄入量更高,高盐摄入的患者男性比例更大,年龄较低。共965例高血压患者进行了动态血压监测,高盐摄入患者24 h、白天及夜间平均收缩压和舒张压均高于低盐和中盐摄入人群。中盐摄入人群舒张压高于低盐摄入人群。结论北京市高血压患者盐摄入量远远超标,高盐摄入患者血压控制不佳。

Objective To survey the condition of salt intake and its relationship with blood pressure level in hypertensive patients in Beijing.Methods A cross-sectional survey was used.Essential hypertensive patients were enrolled and divided into three groups(low,medium and high salt intake)according to their 24 h urinary sodium excretion,which was used to access the salt intake.Blood pressure was measured through office measurement and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring(ABPM).Results A total of 2241 patients were enrolled,with a mean age of(59.5±13.8)years,mean blood pressure of(141.1±18.5)/(84.6±12.7)mm Hg and mean urinary sodium excretion of 163.9(95%CI 160.3-167.4)mmol[equal to salt intake 9.59(9.38-9.79)g/d].There were 1544 cases from third grade hospitals and the other 697 cases from community hospitals.Patients from community hospitals took more salt than patients from third grade hospitals.Patients with high salt-intake were younger than patients with low and medium salt intake.There were more males in high salt-intake group than in the other two groups.For ABPM,patients with high salt intake had higher mean blood pressure not only in daytime,but also at night and in the whole day.The diastolic blood pressure in patients with medium salt intake was higher than that in patients with low salt intake.Conclusion Patients had taken too much salt than the standard in Beijing.High salt-intake was related to high ambulatory blood pressure,so we should do more effort to salt restriction so as to improve the blood pressure control rate.