生物质能合理高效规模化利用和转化技术的选择

Selection of Technologies for Reasonable,Efficient and Large-scale Utilization and Conversion of Biomass Energy

生物质能的规模化利用和转化技术有不同的适用对象和范围,合理选择才能确保生物质能项目的可持续发展。从生物质能特性、工艺特点、环保性能、经济效益、市场需求和规模化生产六个方面综合考虑、统筹优化,提出生物质能合理高效利用和转化技术选择的基本选型原则。即生物质能利用和转化前后,最佳选择为全过程净热值为正,且越高越好;生物质能货币价值必须增值,并能承受一定的原料价格合理上涨风险;生物质能转化和利用过程无二次污染,产品低污染或无污染;产品畅销、市场容量大,副产物可就近资源化利用;在20~50km内可收集到的生物质原料可以满足最佳利用和转化规模的需求。根据选型原则统筹考虑,对农村生物质能资源、企业废弃生物质能资源、高含水生物质能资源、不可食用油脂和城市生活垃圾资源的合理高效规模化利用和转化技术进行选择:农村养殖业粪便采用沼气综合利用技术进行转化;农林废弃物采用快速热解技术规模化转化;城市和社区生活垃圾以及农林产品加工的相关企业生物质废弃物采用气化技术转化用作燃气;水生植物、藻类、城郊养殖业粪便和二次有机污泥液化等高含水的生物质能采用加压液化技术制取生物油,以消除污染;不可食用油脂采用酯化技术生产生物柴油。

Technologies for the large-scale utilization and conversion of biomass energy have different applicable objects and scopes,so reasonable selection is required to ensure the sustainable development of biomass energy projects.In this article,the basic selection principle of technologies for the reasonable and efficient utilization and conversion of biomass energy is proposed based on overall consideration and optimization from six aspects,including biomass energy characteristics,process features,environmental performance,economic benefit,market demand and mass production.That is,before and after the utilization and conversion of biomass energy,the best choice is the positive net calorific value of the whole process,and the higher the better.The monetary value of biomass energy must be incremental and can withstand a certain risk of reasonable in-crease in raw material price.There is no secondary pollution during the conversion and utilization of biomass energy,and low pollution or zero pollution of product can be achieved.The products sell well,the market capacity is large,and the by-products can be reused nearby.Biomass raw materials that can be collected within20-50 km can meet the needs of optimal utilization and conversion scale.According to the technology selection principle,technologies for the reasonable,efficient and large-scale utilization and conversion of rural biomass energy,waste biomass energy of enterprises,high-water-content biomass energy,inedible oil and fat and municipal solid waste(MSW)have been respectively selected.Biogas comprehensive utilization technology is used to convert the manure of rural breeding industry,fast pyrolysis technology is used to convert the waste of agriculture and forestry on a large scale,gasification technology is used to convert the MSW and the related biomass waste of enterprises from agricultural and forestry product processing into fuel gas,high-pressure liquefaction technology is used to produce bio-oil from high-water-content biomass energy such as aquatic plants,algae,manure of suburban breeding industry and secondary organic sludge to eliminate pollution,and esterification technology is used to produce biodiesel oil from inedible oil and fat.