战后德国政党制度与政党格局的建立和演变

The Reestablishment and Evolvement of the Party System and Party Lanscape in Postwar Germany

战后德国政党制度是在避免纳粹德国死灰复燃这个背景下建立的,因此,魏玛时期的单纯民主或直接民主遭到否定。于是,新制定的宪法中对政党的建立,运行等做了明确规定,继而又在世界范围内首当其冲出台了专门的“政党法”,使政党政治有效运行在理性范围内,遏制了极端政党的出现。战后德国政党格局经历了3次明显变化,体现了社会政治力量的演变,新生和重组。总体特点是从传统两大政党主导渐变成多党并行,彼此制约。德国政党最新格局中令全世界关注的是民粹主义政党,选择党的崛起与迅速成长。

The postwar German party system was established against the background of avoiding the resurgence of Nazi Germany,hence,the pure or direct democracy of Weimar years was denied.Thus,Germany gave a clear provision for the foundation and operation of parties in the new constitution,then unveiled the world's first special"Party Law",to make the party politics operate effectively within the boundary of rationality.All those consequently have curbed the reappearance o￡extremist party・Since the war,party landscape in German has gone through three significant turns,which reflect the evolvement,renewal and reorganization of social and political forces,among those the main characteristic trend is from the traditional dominance of the two-party to the multi-party pattern paralleling and conditioning mutually.In the latest German party patterns,it is the populist parties that most attract the world's attention,which are choosing the path of party's quick rise and rapid growth.