土耳其侨民政策研究

A Study on Turkish Diaspora Policy

土耳其侨民包括劳工、政治流亡者以及战争导致的流离失所的库尔德人,主要居住在欧洲。他们保留自己的文化、宗教以及与原籍国的联系,具有特定的社会网络。土耳其侨民参与原籍国的政治活动,是土耳其最大海外选民群体。土耳其侨民政策体系主要涉及经济、政治和文化三个方面,以此激励侨民与土耳其的文化认同感和政治、经济联系,支持侨民向东道国争取社会和文化权利,帮助土耳其实现其在欧洲的政治愿景。土耳其还通过侨务机构对土耳其侨民及其组织加以影响。但是,土耳其侨民政策过度培养侨民民族主义情绪,忽略了侨民双重文化取向、双重身份和双重忠诚,不利于侨民融入当地社会,甚至导致侨民的政治和文化分化,给我国侨民政策制定和侨务机构完善带来一定启示。

Turkish diaspora is mainly composed of Turkish labors,the politically exiled people and the dispersed Kurds living in Europe.They maintain their own cultural identity,religion and ties to their country of origin and they have a specific social networks.Being a primary target group of overseas potential electors and voters,they may participate in the home-country politics actively.The objectives of Turkish diaspora policy are economic interests,political interests and cultural interests,aiming to strengthen the diaspora's Turkish cultural identity as well as their political and economic ties with Turkey.Turkish diaspora policy intends to support their diaspora to fight for their social and cultural rights,thus helping Turkey to realize its political purpose of joining the EU.Four institutions were founded to influence Turkish diaspora and organizations.However,Turkish diaspora policy puts too much emphasis on nourishing a nationalist feeling and neglects the diaspora's dual cultural orientation,dual identity and dual loyalty,which stops them from integrating into the hosting country and even worse will give rise to the political and cultural fragmentation.By studying Turkish Diaspora Policy,we can learn to improve our diaspora policy and the institutions relevant to our diaspora policy.