儒家思想中的“关系”逻辑——“伦”字界说及其内在理路

Guanxi in Confucianism:The Meaning of Lun and Its Endogenous Approach

本文在潘光旦先生对“伦”字研究的基础上对儒家关系理论进行了思想史探源,展现其从“类别”到“关系”、从“经验”到“伦理”的逻辑演绎过程。借助对儒家相关典籍的进一步分析,本文认为,儒家思想中的“五伦”概念与“亲亲”“尊尊”两个原则有关。这两个原则在日常实践中又表现为对“恩”和“义”的考量,这种考量区分出“父子有亲”“君臣有义”“夫妇有别”“长幼有序”“朋友有信”五种不同的行动原则。由此,本文深化了对“五伦”在经验上的概括性的理解。

This article interprets the connotation of lun( relationship) whilst showing the logical deductive process from category to relationship,and from fact to ethics. It is known from the correlational studies by Pan Guangdan that the abstract category of wulun remains to be generalized,which results in the confusion of the dual empiricalethic character. In Confucian classics,wulun is constituted in accordance with two basic principles of relative and respect,manifested as the practical consideration in light of love and righteousness in daily life. Love and righteousness are deeply embedded in any relationship,but their constituents by which the obligations of action are regulated vary.The empirical generality of wulun is further analyzed as the extension of basic principles.