合理与困境:我国影子教育角色矛盾与治理建议

Rational and Dilemma: the Contradiction of the Role of Shadow Education in China and the Suggestion of Governance

影子教育具有“培优”“补差”的功能,个性化服务学生的特点,其出现具有一定的合理性。但是现阶段我国影子教育存在角色困境,其扮演了教育改革的推动者与阻碍者、主流学校的补充者与替代者,学生发展的促进者与限制者等角色。针对此,就合理性视域下其角色困境的原因进行了分析,发现优质教育资源的竞争、主流教育的角色引导、家长的盲目追求和影子教育自身因素是影子教育角色矛盾的主要原因。因此,针对影子教育的治理既要完善影子教育的功能定位,又要改善影子教育影响主体——主流教育和家长的行为,形成联合治理机制。

Shadow education has the function of“cultivating the best”and“filling the gap”,and the characteristic of personalized service for students,so its appearance is reasonable.However,there is a role dilemma in shadow education in China at present,which plays the role of facilitator and interrupter of education reform,supplement and substitute of mainstream schools,promoter and limiter of student development.The reasons for its role dilemma is analyzed from the perspective of rationality,proposing that the competition of high-quality education resources,the role guidance of mainstream education,the blind pursuit of parents,and the factors of shadow education itself are the main reasons for the contradiction of shadow education role.Therefore,the governance of shadow education should not only perfect the functional orientation of shadow education,but also improve the behavior of mainstream education and parents,the main influencing body of shadow education,so as to form a joint governance mechanism.