社会空间视域下社会包容对阶层变化的影响——基于2015年CGSS调查数据的实证分析

The Impact of Social Inclusion Indicators on Social Class Change from the Perspective of Social Space—— Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS Survey Data in 2015

结合2015年CGSS数据,以社会质量理论中社会包容的界定为基础,从公民权、劳动力市场、服务和社会网络四个一级维度,探讨社会包容能否反映个体的阶层变化。研究结果发现,个体认知的阶层变化在文化层面尤其是社会包容性上,并没有引起足够的资本变化和价值观念变化。社会网络、劳动力市场及服务维度的取向与个体阶层变化的认同呈现一种负相关,对公民权的考察反映出个体尚显不足的公民性别权利认知。结合现实情境探究发现,个体层面存在经验性的偏差,宏观层面也存在国家政治力量的影响、政策推行的倾向、压缩的现代化以及旧有价值的延续等结构性影响。这些复杂情境使得这两者间的关系并未达成布迪厄所阐释的理想状态。在我国压缩现代化的特征下,处于传统和现代交接带的个体,凭借新旧杂糅的价值观念和评判标准影响着客观的阶层变化。

Based on the interpretation of social inclusion,which is a part of Social Quality theory,and the 2015 CGSS data,the article explores whether social inclusion indicators can predict the class mobility of individuals in the past ten years from the four dimensions:citizenship,labor market,service and social network.The study found that there is no consistency between socially inclusive attitudes and changes in individual class identity.The social network and public service,political freedom and satisfaction orientation have a negative correlation with the change of individual class.The attitudes of sexual behavior and gender equality do not reflect the corresponding changes of the class.Further exploration,found that there are differences between the subjective and objective classes,and the influence of the country’political power.The new class,the old habits and temperament tendencies can not bring new power relations and social changes,which explained by Bourdieu’s idea.The ideal setting of social space theory cannot be clearly reflected under the characteristics of China’s compression modernization.On the contrary,political factors,old values and other characteristics attached to the hierarchy have a heterozygous effect from the original fixed class.