论冷战后联合国维和行动中的强制性措施

On Compulsory Measures in UN Peacekeeping Operations after the Cold War

基于联合国集体安全机制下的维和行动传统上更偏重于和平解决争端,非武力和非强制性是其重要特征。冷战结束以后,国内与国际冲突更加频繁,原有的矛盾进一步激化,联合国维和任务面临着更多任务与挑战,维和行动中越来越多地采取强制性措施是冷战后维和行动中新的趋势,尤其是当维和任务被赋予解决国内冲突时。可以看到,冷战后联合国在采取强制性措施的维和行动中遭遇了不少现实困境。联合国维和行动要实现效果最大化,不仅应审慎介入主权国家内部事务,还应注意妥善解决集体安全机制下的大国政治"瓶颈"问题,寻求合作与妥协,采取强制性措施需把握合理的度。

Peacekeeping operations based on the United Nations collective security mechanism have traditionally been more focused on the peaceful settlement of disputes.Non-force and non-mandatory are important features.Since the end of the Cold War,domestic and international conflicts have become more frequent,and the original contradictions have intensified.The UN peacekeeping missions are facing more tasks and challenges.The increasing use of compulsory measures in peacekeeping operations is a new trend in post-Cold War peacekeeping operations,especially when peacekeeping missions are given to resolve internal conflicts.It can be seen that after the Cold War,the United Nations encountered many real difficulties in the peacekeeping operations that adopted mandatory measures.Why are some mandatory measures successful,other mandatory measures fail to achieve the set goals,and how to evaluate the mandatory measures in UN peacekeeping operations?The lessons behind them are worth pondering.This paper summarizes the key points of the success and failure of UN peacekeeping operations and the practical dilemmas of adopting coercive measures in peacekeeping operations through case studies,and then draws some inspirations from UN peacekeeping operations.