二维及三维摄影应用于单侧唇裂患者面部测量的精确性比较

Comparison of the accuracy of two-dimensional and three-dimensional photography in the facial measurement of patients with unilateral cleft lip

目的比较二维摄影与三维摄影应用于分析唇腭裂患儿不对称面貌的精确性,以及不对称畸形严重程度对面部测量精确性的影响,以指导临床测量工作。方法前瞻性纳入单侧唇裂患儿。分别拍摄二维和三维照片,对裂隙侧与非裂隙侧鼻尖偏移、鼻小柱基部偏移、人中切迹偏移、唇高比值、鼻小柱高度比值、鼻底宽度比值、侧唇长比值等7个指标进行测量,以游标卡尺面部直接测量为金标准。以裂隙侧/非裂隙侧比值表示畸形程度,以二维或三维摄影比值结果同直接测量的比值之差表示误差大小。结果最终纳入患者13例。与实际测量相比,二维摄影系统对唇高比值的测量结果偏大(P=0.019),对鼻小柱高度比值的测量结果偏小(P=0.008);三维摄影系统对鼻底宽度比值的测量结果偏小(P=0.003);二维摄影的鼻尖偏移(P=0.022)、三维摄影的人中切迹偏移(P=0.025)、侧唇长比值(P=0.036)的测量误差大小与畸形程度成显著负相关。结论二维摄影与三维摄影体系均存在夸大或缩小畸形程度的误差偏倚,且部分测量误差可能随畸形程度减小而增大。在应用二维摄影和三维摄影分析唇腭裂畸形时需考虑这些偏倚,以期更客观地进行面容评价。

ObjectiveTo compare the measurement accuracy of two-dimensional(2 D) photography and three-di-mensional(3 D) photography in the analysis of the asymmetric appearance of children with cleft lip and palate and theinfluence of the severity of asymmetric deformity on the accuracy of facial measurement to guide clinical measurementwork.MethodsChildren with unilateral cleft lip were enrolled in this prospective study.Seven parameters--the devia-tion of the pronasale,subnasale,and labrale superius,as well as the cleft/noncleft ratio of the width of nostrils,length and height of lateral lips and height of columella-were measured with Vernier calipers as the gold standard.Traditional2 D photography and 3 D stereophotogrammetry photos were taken and measured.The extent of cleft malformation is indi-cated by the ratio of the cleft side to the noncleft side.The error size is represented by the ratio difference between two-dimensional photography or stereophotogrammetry with the ratio of the gold standard.ResultsThirteen patients wereeventually recruited.The measurement results of the ratio of lateral lip height by 2 D photography tended to be larger(P=0.019),and the measurement results of the ratio of columella height tended to be smaller(P=0.008).The measure-ment results of the deviation of the subnasale by stereophotogrammetry tended to be smaller(P=0.003).The pronasaledeviation(P=0.022) with two-dimensional photography,the deviation of the labrale superius(P=0.025) and the ratioof lateral lip length(P=0.036) with stereophotogrammetry had a significant negative correlation with the extent of cleftmalformation.ConclusionBoth two-dimensional photography and stereophotogrammetry have errors and biases thatunderexaggerate or overexaggerate the extent of cleft malformation,and some errors may increase with the decrease inthe extent of cleft malformation.When applying two-dimensional and three-dimensional photography to analyze cleft lipand palate deformities,these biases should be considered to evaluate the face more objectively.