大都市区轨网规划问题辨识与对策

Identification and Countermeasures of Rail Network Planning in Metropolitan Area

近20年来,我国特大城市的总规修编频繁,轨网规划也被动地持续修编,先期建成的轨道线路标准大都偏低,运能与需求不匹配、站点与土地耦合不紧密等问题突出。在城市空间向大都市区演变的背景下,轨网形态、规模与制式级配体系面临着更大幅度的调整可能,但是当前城乡规划学界对大都市区发展规律的研究仍处于探讨阶段,加之大都市区层级的规划体系尚未构建,轨网规划面临依据缺位等问题。此外,对大都市区终极规模、中心体系分布特征和不同区域空间结构特征等均缺少地域化的深入研究,也较大程度影响着轨网规划。基于此,文章从大都市区空间规划的视角对当前轨网规划存在的主要问题进行辨识,并从大都市区空间规划、基于空间结构的轨网规划及两者的协同发展3个层面提出具体的对策,以期提高大都市区的空间组织效率。

In the past two decades,master plans of Chinese large cities have been revised frequently and so were rail transit network planning.The standards of early rail transit lines are mostly lower than actual needs,and this has resulted in mismatch between capacity and demand,rail station and surrounding land use etc.As large cities transfer towards metropolitan areas,rail network morphology,scale,and system need to be adjusted.However,academic studies on the development rule of metropolis such as ultimate scale,central system,spatial structure are still at primary stage.The paper recognizes the major problems of metropolis relevant to rail network planning,and puts forwards strategies from three aspects:spatial plan,spatial structure based rail network plan,and their coordinated development,so as to improve the spatial efficiency of metropolis.