贵州西部废弃煤矿地先锋树种物种组成及多样性研究

Species Composition and Diversity of Pioneer Tree of Abandoned Coal Mines in Western Guizhou

为了解废弃煤矿地树种多样性及环境污染状况,基于对贵州西部百里杜鹃自然保护区的34个废弃煤矿地树种调查,并设置5个非煤矿地作对照,运用物种多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数等对百里杜鹃废弃煤矿地树种多样性进行分析和对废弃煤矿地污染状况作评价。结果表明:34个废弃煤矿地中共有先锋树种24种,隶属20科24属,树种数量明显低于非煤矿地,形成以光皮桦、杨树、构树等为优势树种的群落结构;废弃煤矿地物种多样性偏低,局部样地内较高,可能和煤矿地的海拔、坡度、废弃年限和人为干扰等因素有关。以多样性指数为指标对废弃煤矿地污染评价显示,多数废弃煤矿地的环境污染介于中污染和重污染之间。

To further understand the abandoned coal mine in species diversity and the status of environmental pollution,this study is based on the investigation of the tree species of 34 abandoned coal mines in Baili Rhododendron Nature Reserve in Western Guizhou,set up 5 non coal mines as control.Species diversity index,richness index,evenness index and dominance index were used to analyze the species diversity and evaluate the pollution status of abandoned coal mine.The results showed that there were 24 pioneer tree species,belonging to 20 families and 24 genera in 34 abandoned coal mines,the tree species is significantly lower than that of non coal mines.Forming the dominant tree community of Betula luminifera,Populus tomentosa and Broussonetia papyrifera.The species diversity of abandoned coal mines was low,and the local sample land was high,which would be related to the altitude,slope,abandoned years and human interference.The evaluation on the pollution of abandoned coal mines based on diversity index showed that the environmental pollution of most abandoned coal mines was between medium pollution and heavy pollution.