曲靖市马龙区荒野格局分析

The Pattern Analysis of Wilderness in Malong District, Qujing City

以马龙区荒野为研究对象,选取距聚居点的遥远度、距可达道路的遥远度、人口分布密度、生物物理自然度4项指标进行叠加分析,绘制了马龙区荒野的分布图,并对荒野面积的水平分布、垂直分布、景观格局以及荒野保护空间进行了分析评价。结果表明:马龙区荒野在水平空间上呈环带分布格局,中部区域荒野面积相对较大、荒野质量相对较高;其外围环带区域荒野面积较小、质量较低、“孤岛化”、“碎片化”较为严重;最外围环带荒野质量又显明提高,面积较为完整。马龙区高质量荒野的储量占比较大,主要集中分布于海拔1957~2178 m,面积占比52.92%。其中一级荒野斑块连通性最好,二、三级荒野斑块的破碎程度较大,四级荒野的斑块形状最复杂;现有保护形式未能对高质荒野形成全面覆盖。马龙区应加强荒野保护区建设,提高对荒野的保护覆盖率,同时通过人工手段恢复和提高低质荒野质量。研究结果可为马龙区荒野保护工作的展开提供参考。

The study maps the distribution of wilderness in Malong District by carrying out overlay analysis,which choosing the remoteness from settlements,remoteness from access,population distribution density and biophysical naturalness as 4 indicators.The study also analyzes and evaluates the horizontal distribution,altitude distribution,landscape pattern and protection space of the wilderness area.According to the results,the wilderness in Malong District shows a zonal structure distribution in horizontal space.The central region has a large wilderness and relatively high quality.In the peripheral area,the wilderness is small and the quality is low,and the phenomenon of'isolation'and'fragmentation'is serious.The quality of the wilderness in the most peripheral area is obviously improved and the integrity is high.Malong District has large reserves of high-quality wilderness which is distributed in the altitude from 1957 m to 2178 m mainly,and the area proportion is 52.92%.The first-level wilderness patches has the best connectivity,the second-level and third-level wilderness patches are more fragmented,and the fourth-level wilderness patches has the most complex shape.Existing protection forms do not cover all the high-quality wilderness.The analysis suggests that more wilderness reserve should be established in Malong District to increase the protection coverage for high-quality wilderness and the artificial methods should be used to restore and improve the quality of low-quality wilderness at the same time.The research can provides references for the works of wilderness protection in Malong District.