开埠后台湾聚落的空间过程及其原因

The spatial process and causes of Taiwan settlements after opening of the ports

通过对1862-1949年台湾聚落时空变迁过程的个案分析,得出结论,因开埠后统治力量、以都市计划为代表的城镇改造、新交通线路的影响,台湾聚落空间结构呈现出西部城市之"轴"与岛内乡镇之"点"相结合的构造:西部经历了治所、港口市镇--城市(带)的演替过程;东部表现为乡村聚落增加不多,以及花莲、台东成长为城市;在乡村景观大量存在的同时,一些具有地缘意义的乡镇聚落分布其间,渐成次区域的中心地。简言之,台湾聚落空间结构在开埠后经历了从以乡村聚落为主体的空间结构向以城市为中心的圈层结构转化的历史过程。这一聚落空间格局的变迁,奠定台湾大(都市)、中(城镇)、小(乡村)三阶梯相对均衡的城乡发展体系的基础。结论有助于更加深入地认识台湾经济社会的发展尤其是城镇化的进程。

Through the case analysis of the temporal and spatial changes of Taiwan settlements from 1862 to 1949, it is concluded that due to post-quake reign, urban renewal represented by urban planning and the impact of new transport routes, the spatial structure of Taiwan’s settlement is represented as a combination of "axis" in western cites and "spot" in the inland towns. The western region experienced a succession process of governance and port towns(belt);in the east, the rural settlement hardly increased but Hualien and Taitung grew into cities;the rural landscape existed in large scale, while township settlements gradually became the center of the sub-region. In short, the spatial structure of Taiwan settlement experienced a historical process of transforming from a structure mainly consisting of rural settlements to an urban-centered ring structure after Taiwan opened its port. This pattern of settlements has laid the foundation for a relatively balanced system of urban and rural development in Taiwan’s large(metropolitan), medium(urban) and small(rural) quarters. This conclusion helps to better understand Taiwan’s economic and social development, especially the process of urbanization.