免疫检查点阻断剂治疗血液肿瘤的研究进展

Research Progress of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies

免疫检查点阻断剂(ICB)通过阻断异常活化的免疫抑制通路,重新激活T细胞免疫效能,恢复并增强全身抗肿瘤免疫反应,从而控制和清除肿瘤,在众多实体肿瘤和血液肿瘤中已取得肯定的疗效。血液肿瘤中,程序性细胞死亡受体1(PD-1)阻断剂nivolumab在复发/难治经典型霍奇金淋巴瘤中取得显著成效,激发了研究者对ICB治疗能否取得良好效果产生了浓厚兴趣。近年来,PD-1及其配体1和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原-4成为研究热点,许多与两者相关的阻断剂治疗血液肿瘤的临床试验得到开展,形式多样,主要包括单药和联合治疗,初步结果良好。

The immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)reactivates T cell immune potency by blocking abnormally activated immunosuppressive pathways,restores and enhances systemic anti-tumor immune responses,thereby controlling and clearing tumors,which has achieved affirmative effects across a broad spectrum of both solid and hematologic malignancies.In hematological malignancies,the remarkable effect of the programmed cell death receptor 1(PD-1)blockade nivolumab in relapse/refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma has inspired the researchers to wonder whether ICB would have gained good anticancer effect as a potential novel treatment.In recent years,PD-1 and its ligand 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 have become a research hotspot,and many clinical trials of the related blockers for the treatment of hematological tumors have been carried out in various forms,mainly including single-agent and combination therapy,and the preliminary results are encouraging.