乡村社会中的面子观与基层协商民主

On Face Perception and Basic-level Consultative Democracy in Rural Society

面子作为一种内涵丰富且复杂的社会心理现象,在乡村社会的交往中,莫不以之为绕行的核心,而基层协商民主作为民主政治在乡村发展的新形式,对农村治理能力的提升具有重要的时代价值。然而由于学科限制,两者间的交叉研究可谓寥寥,至今尚无专文予以论述。为探寻面子在村庄协商政治中的整体样貌,有必要对面子现象进行类型学上的划分,进而勾勒出面子谱系的三维空间模型,并在此基础上提出“儒家社会建构中的面子”概念,对儒家伦理“大传统”建构出的理想面子类型于协商实践的开启、村庄利益的整合以及资源障碍的解决三方面的影响展开探讨,且将推导出的结论回归到现实的多元构型中,从而凸显出地方性“小传统”在面子型塑过程中造成的偏差以及蕴含于特定情境中的面子构型对协商政治的实际影响。由此可知,反映传统文化精神与价值的面子与希冀塑造现代政治形态的农村基层协商民主之间并非难以兼容,影响两者相对接的关键在于面子要素的空间定位和面子类型的功能归属。

As a complex social psychological phenomenon,face perception is one of the main elements in the social interaction of Chinese people.The basic-level consultative democracy as a new form of democratic politics has important value of the times for the improvement of rural governance capacity.Although both are hot topics in the current academic research,due to the limitation of the disciplines,there is little intersection between the two.In order to explore the overall appearance of face perception in the village consultative politics,diverse types of face perception will be divided and a three-dimensional model of the face lineage will be outlined.Then the concept of"face in the construction of Confucian society"is put forward and the ideal face type constructed by"the great tradition"in Confucian ethics will be discussed in the three aspects of the opening of negotiation practice,the integration of village interests and the solution of resource obstacles.Moreover,the conclusions would be returned to multivariate configuration in reality to highlight the actual impact of deviations caused by local"small tradition"in face molding process on the consultative politics.Lastly,it can be concluded that the face reflecting the spirit and value of traditional culture is not difficult to be compatible with rural basic-level consultative democracy that hopes to shape the modern political form.The key to the connection between the two is the spatial orientation of face elements and the functional attribution of face types.