4～5岁汉语儿童否定行为的多模态表征特点

On the Multimodal Representation of 4～5-year-old Chinese-speaking Children’s Negating Behavior

否定行为是一类常见的儿童交际行为。除了语言否定,儿童还会通过手势语、身势动作等非语言符号,以及语言与非语言符号的协同使用来实施否定。本研究深入考察两名4耀5岁汉语普通话儿童的多模态否定行为的类型及其表征,结果发现与更年幼的儿童相比,4耀5岁汉语儿童的多模态否定交际能力得到进一步发展,能够依据语境实施不同的多模态否定行为;该年龄段儿童具备使用语言否定、非语言否定、语言与非语言协同否定三种表征方式来实施否定行为的多模态交际能力,但以语言否定为主导,且模态互动关系有并列、互补和强化三种。在多模态交际日益普遍化的时代背景下,包括多模态否定在内的多模态交际能力已成为儿童今后必备的一项重要交际能力。家长与儿童教育工作者需要合理给予儿童借助多模态符号自由表征其否定行为的机会,并及时思考和发现个体儿童多模态否定行为表征特点背后可能反映出的儿童心理与多模态交际能力方面的问题,帮助儿童获得心理与多模态交际能力的同步健康发展,从而更好地适应未来普遍化的多模态交际环境。

Negating is a common type of children’s communicative behavior.Besides verbal negation,children also implement negation through nonverbal signs such as gestures,postures,and the interactive use of multimodal signs.The results reveal that,on the one hand,compared with younger children,the multimodal negating ability of Chinese children aged 4~5 has further developed,being capable of practicing different multimodal negating behaviors according to context.On the other hand,children of this age group have the multimodal communicative ability to represent negating behaviors by using verbal,non-verbal signs and verbal-non-verbal collaboration with verbal negation as the dominant.There are three types of modal interaction:equivalent,complementary and reinforcing.As the era of Reading image approaches and the occurrence of multimodal communication generalizes,the multimodal communicative ability has become an important ability for children in the future.Parents and children’s educators should properly give children the freedom to represent their negating multimodally and give enough attention to their behaviors of such,in order to discover the characteristics which may reflect potential problems that children have in the development of psychological and multimodal abilities,to help children achieve the simultaneous and healthy development of their mind and multimodal communicative skills,and to make their multimodal practice more accurate,more rational and more natural.